Term
| Insulin is released from what? |
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Definition
| pancreatic beta cells (Islets of Langerhans). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glucose entry into cells with GLUT4 transporter. |
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Term
| Tissue(s) that use GLUT4 transporters include... |
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Definition
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Term
| Some cells are insulin insensitive, meaning what? |
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Definition
| don't need insulin to turn on. |
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Term
| Tissue(s) that are insulin insensitive include: |
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Definition
| brain, kidney and intestines. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| glycogenesis and glycolysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle; promotes glucose transport into cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| glucose breakdown and fat synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Stimuli for insulin release include: |
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Definition
| elevated blood glucose and parasympathetic stimulation. |
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Term
| Insulin release is inhibited by what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the normal (fasting) level of blood glucose? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Insulin release is potentiated by what? |
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Definition
| GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide) from intestines. |
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Term
| Glucagon is synthesized where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is glucagon's effect on plasma glucose levels? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the primary target og glucagon? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. |
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Term
| Glucagon is suppressed by what? |
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Definition
| increased plasma glucose levels and insulin. |
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Term
| What is glucose tolerance? |
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Definition
| ability to dispose of glucose (absorb). |
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Term
| In diabetes, fasting plasma glucose may be... |
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Definition
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Term
| In a normal glucose tolerance test, the body can dispose of an oral glucose load with... |
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Definition
| only a small rise in plasma glucose. |
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Term
| Type I diabetes mellitus (juvinile onset) is... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Type II diabetes mellitus (mature onset) is... |
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Definition
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Term
| Type I diabetes accounts for about... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Type I diabetes is caused by what? |
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Definition
| autoimmune attack on beta cells. |
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Term
| Type I diabetes onset often occurs at a young age and requires... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excess insulin caused by hypoglycemia. |
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Term
| A lack of fuel (glucose) for the brain results in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hypoglycemia normally triggers secretion of what? |
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Definition
| glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. |
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Term
| What does exercise do in diabetes? |
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Definition
| moves glucose into muscle without insulin. |
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Term
| Type II diabetes accounts for... |
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Definition
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Term
| Type II diabetes ia often associated with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Type II diabetes, insulin levels are often... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Resistance to insulin action means... |
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Definition
| decreased receptor sensitivity, post-receptor malfunction, antibody to insulin (rare). |
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Term
| Control for Type II diabetes includes: |
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Definition
| diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and injected insulin (not often). |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulate insulin release or boost insulin action. |
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Term
| Uncontrolled diabetes results in... |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| polyuria, hyperosmolarity and polydipsia. |
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Term
| Hyperglycemia promotes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Fat breakdown causes the production of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The main ketone bodies produced are what? |
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Definition
| acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. |
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Term
| Ketone bodies contribute to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hyperosmolarity, acidosis and dehydration can eventually result in what? |
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Definition
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