Term
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Definition
| STRATEGIC USE OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE BY NONSTATE ACTORS FOR POLITICAL ENDS THAT TARGETS INNOCENTS AND CIVILIANS |
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Term
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Definition
| ATTACKS ARE HIGHLY VISIBLE, UNPREDICTABLE, AND INDISCRIMINATE TO MAXIMIZE TERROR, FEAR AND VULNERABLITY |
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Term
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Definition
| USE PSYCHOLOGICAL TERROR AS LEVERAGE TO PRESSURE GOVERNMENTS AND SOCIETIES TOWARDS ADVANCING A STRATEGIC POLITICAL OBJECTIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| VIOLINCE COMMITTED BY LEFT OR RIGHT WING POLITICAL GROUPS TO ADVANCE IDEOLOGY OR AGENDA |
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Term
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Definition
| LIBERAL, SOCIALIST, REVOLUTIONARY AGAINST CORRUPT GOVERNMENT OR MARKET SYSTEM. EG. WEATHER UNDERGROUND |
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Term
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Definition
| CONSERVATIVE/REACTIONARY, FASCIST AGAINST GOVERNMENT, IMMIGRANTS, RACIAL GROUPS EG 2011 NORWAY ATTACKS |
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Term
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Definition
| FOUGHT BY ETHNIC OR NATIONAL GROUPS AGAINST LARGER POLITICAL POWER FOR INDEPENDENCE OR AUTONOMY |
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Term
| FREEDOM FIGHTERS OR TERRORISTS? |
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Definition
| AIM OF SELF DETERMINATION AND POLITICAL/TERRITORIAL GOALS |
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Term
| RELIGIOUS OR SACRED TERRORISM |
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Definition
| MOTIVATED BY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS, SCRIPTURES, JUSTIFICATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS OR WORLD VIEWS |
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Term
| RISE OF RELIGIOUS TERRORISM |
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Definition
| INCREASING TOWARDS US AND WESTERN ALLIES, LESS ATTACKS = MORE FATALITIES, MORE INTERNALIZATION |
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Term
| MAJOR 21ST CENTRURY TERRORIST ATTACKS |
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Definition
| 2001 USA; 2002 BALI BOMBINGS, INDONESIA; 2004 MADRID BOMBINGS, SPAIN; 2005 LONDON TRANSIT ATTACK, UK; 2008 MUMBAI ATTACKS, INDIA |
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Term
| WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD) |
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Definition
| EXPONENTIALLY MORE DANGEROUS THAN CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS OF INDISCRIMINANT IN THEIR DESTRUCTION |
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Term
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Definition
| ARE DESIGNED TO RELEASE GAS TO KILL OR DISABLE PEOPLE |
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Term
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Definition
| USE MICROOGANISMS, VIRUSES, BACTERIA, OR BIOLOGICAL TOXINS (YET UNUSED) |
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Term
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Definition
| POTENTIALLY MOST DESTRUCTIVE AND DANGEROUS, POWER TO DESTROW CITIES, STATES, WORLD, HIGHLY INDISCRIMINATE |
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Term
| ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS (1991-2011) |
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Definition
| EG STRATEGIC ARMS REDUCTION TREATIES BETWEEN US AND RUSSIA TO REDUCE WARHEADS |
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Term
| NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY (1970) |
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Definition
| LIMIT SPREAD TO, OR DEVELOPMENT BY, NON-NUCLEAR WEAPON STATES, EG INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY |
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Term
| COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY (1996) |
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Definition
| BAN TEST EXPLOSIONS (ADOPTED BY UN BUT NOT YET IN FORCE DUE TO STATES NOT RATIFYING) |
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Term
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Definition
| THE SPREAD OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TO NEW STATES AND OTHER ACTORS |
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Term
| US CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION ON THE PREVENTION OF WMD PROLIFERATION AND TERRORISM (2008) |
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Definition
| MORE LIKELY THAN NOT THAT A WEAPON OF MASS DESTRUCTION WILL BE USED IN A TERRORIS ATTACK SOMEWHERE IN THE WORLD BY 2013 |
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Term
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Definition
| VIOLENT CONFLICTS THAT RESULT IN A SIGNIFICANT MILITARY AND/OR CIVILIAN DEATHS (1000 + BATTLE DEATHS) |
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Term
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Definition
| FOUGHT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE STATE GOVERNMENTS ACROSS STATE BORDERS (TRADITIONAL WARFARE) |
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Term
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Definition
| FOGHT BETWEEN STATE OR NONSTATE ACTORS WITHIN A SINGLE TERRITORY (CIVIL OR ETHNIC) |
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Term
| INTERSTATE WAR IN 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES |
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Definition
| MOST BRUTAL AND DESTRUCTIVE WARS IN HUMAN SOCIETY |
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Term
| REASONS FOR EXTREMELY VIOLENT WARFARE |
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Definition
| INCREASED MECHANIZATION OF WAR, INCREASED NUMBER OF CIVILIAN CASUALTIES AND TARGETS, RISE OF UNCONVENTIONAL WAR, DIRECT/INDIRECT INVOLVEMENT OF US IN MOST MAJOR WARS |
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Term
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Definition
| FIRST HIGHLY DESTRUCTIVE WORLD WARS BETWEEN ALLIANCS OF GREAT POWERS |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| GERMANY, AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE, OTTOMAN EMPIRE |
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Term
|
Definition
| 16 MILLION (10 MILITARY, 6 CIVILIAN) |
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Term
|
Definition
| WAR FOUGHT IN TWO MAIN THEATRES, EUROPE (1939-1945) AND THE PACIFIC (1941-1945) |
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Term
|
Definition
| US, UK, USSR, FRANCE/POLAND |
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Term
|
Definition
| NAZI GERMANY, JAPAN, FASCIST ITALY |
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Term
|
Definition
| 60 MILLION (20 MILITARY, 40 CIVILIAN) |
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Term
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Definition
| IDEOLOGICAL BATTLE BETWEEN US AND USSR AND THEIR ALLIES FOR EUROPE AND THE WORLD |
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Term
| SOVIET STRATEGIE DURING COLD WAR |
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Definition
|
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Term
| US STRATEGIE DURING COLD WAR |
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Definition
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Term
| WARS RESULTING FROM THE COLD WAR |
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Definition
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Term
| PERSIAN GULF WAR (1990-1991) |
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Definition
| ATTEMPT BY IRAQ TO ANNEX KUWAIT |
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Term
|
Definition
| INVOKED TO TAKE MILITARY ACTION IN 'COLECTIVE SECURITY' VS AGRESSION |
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Term
| CASUALTIES OF PERSIAN GULF WAR |
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Definition
| LESS THAN 200 COALITION, 25000 IRAQI ARMY, 2000 CIVILIANS |
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Term
| WAR IN AFGHANISTAN (2001-NOW) |
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Definition
| US AND COALITION OF WILLING LED INVASION OF IRAQ UNDER OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM TO REMOVE IRAQI GOVERNMENT W/O CHAPTER VII UN APPROVAL AND STRONG OPPOSITION |
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Term
|
Definition
| NO SINGLE THEORY OF IR EXPLAINS THE CAUSES |
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Term
| DECLINE OF INTERSTATE WAR |
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Definition
| EXISTENCE OF LONG PEACE BETWEEN GREAT POWERS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS |
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Definition
| HELP INCREASE TRANSPARENCY, COMMUNICATION AND NON-VIOLENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION |
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Term
| INTERDEPENDENCE AND DEMOCRACY |
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Definition
| INCREASED GROWTH OF ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE |
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Term
| EXPONENTIAL RISE IN NUMBER OF MATURE, LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES OVER 20TH CENTURY |
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Definition
| CREATION OF GROWING DEMOCRATIC PEACE AND IRRATIONALITY OF WAR BETWEEN INTERCONNECTED STATES |
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Term
|
Definition
| GROWING EXISTENCE OF ZONES OF PEACE MAKES IT SEM LIKE WAR IS NOT EVEN POSSIBLE |
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Term
|
Definition
| RESOURCE CONFLICTS, SPILLOVER OF INTRASTATE CONFLICTS, ROGUE STATES, NONSTATE ACTORS, HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| INTERNAL POLITICAL OR IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE HIGHLY ORGANIZED FACTIONS TO EITHER CREATE, PREVENT CHANGE OR CONTROL A NEW GOVERNMENT |
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Term
| ETHNIC OR NATIONAL GROUPS |
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Definition
| WITHIN A STATE SHARING A SENSE OF NATIONALISM AND NATIONAL IDENTITY |
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Term
|
Definition
| BELIEF ONE'S NATIONAL GROUP SHOULD BE POLITICLALY AUTONOMOUS (HAVE SOVEREIGN CONTROL OF TERRITORY) IN A NATION-STATE |
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Term
| STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF EXISTING GOVERNMENT |
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Definition
| POLITICAL OR TERRITORIAL SUCCESSION |
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Term
|
Definition
| ATTEMPT BY NATIONAL GROUPS TO GAIN POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE FROM COLONIAL RULERS |
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Term
|
Definition
| MAJORITY OF ETHNONATIONAL CONFLICTS CENTER |
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Term
|
Definition
| DISSOLUTION OF LARGER MULTINATIONAL STATES |
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Term
|
Definition
| SHARE COMMON KINSHIP OR OTHER ETHNIC MARKERS |
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Term
|
Definition
| TENDENCY TO VIEW ONES OWN GROUP MORE POSITIVELY WHILE OUTSIDERS TEND TO BE VIEWED MORE NEGATIVELY |
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Term
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Definition
| SEEK TO EMPHASIZE DIFFERENCES FOR THEIR OWN POLITICAL GAINS |
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Term
| DOMINATION AND DISCRIMINATION |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| NO LONGER VIEW OTHERS AS HUMAN BEINGS ENTITLED TO EQUAL HUMAN RIGHTS |
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Term
|
Definition
| THE PLANNED AND DELIBERATE REMOVAL FROM A SPECIFIC TERRITORY, PERSONS OF A PARTICULAR ETHNIC GROUP TO RENDER THAT AREA ETHNICALLY HOMOGENOUS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| THE SYSTEMATIC EXTERMINATION OF ANOTHER ETHNONATIONAL GROUP IN WHOLE OR IN PART |
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Term
|
Definition
| STRONG POLITICAL/IDEOLOGICAL, ETHNIC OR NATIONAL COMPONENT |
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Term
|
Definition
| INTERNAL POLITICAL OR IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE HIGHLY ORGANIZED FACTIONS |
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Term
|
Definition
| TO EITHER CREATE, PREVENT, CHANGE, OR CONTROL A NEW GOVERNMENT |
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Term
| AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) |
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Definition
| OVER 600,000 KILLED, 400,000 WOUNDED |
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Term
|
Definition
| 25,000-30,000 KILLED, 50,000 WOUNDED` |
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Term
|
Definition
| CIVIL WARS FOUGHT BETWEEN ONE OR MORE DISTINCT ETHNIC OR NATIONAL GROUPS SHARING A SENSE OF NATIONALISM |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| BELIEF ONE'S NATIONAL GROUP SHOULD BE POLITICALLY AUTONOMOUS |
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Term
|
Definition
| CAN LEAD TO CONFLICT WHEN STATE BORDERS DON'T LINE UP WITH NATIONAL IDENTITY OR FEEL UNDERREPRESENTED |
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Term
| CENTER OF NATIONALIST CONFLICT |
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Definition
| STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OF EXISTING GOVERNMENT OR FOR POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL SUCCESSION TO FORM A NEW STATE AROUND IDENTITY GROUP |
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Term
| NATIONALIST CONFLICT VIOLENCE |
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Definition
| EXISTING POWERS NOT WILLING TO RELINGUISH CONTROL OF TERRITORY |
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Term
|
Definition
| ATTEMPT BY NATIONAL GROUPS TO GAIN POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE FROM RULERS |
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|
Term
| DO NOT REFLECT ETHNOGRAPHICAL IDENTITIES |
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Definition
| ARTIFICIAL AND ARBITRARY POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES |
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Term
|
Definition
| MAJORITY OF ENNONATIONAL CONFLICTS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DISSOLUTION OF LARGER MULTINATIONAL STATES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| HIGH PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENT CONFLICT, BUT CAN BE NONVIOLENT |
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Term
|
Definition
| CONFLICT FOUGHT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE ETHNIC IDENTITY GROUPS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ANCESTRAL, RACIAL, LINGUISTIC, RELIGIOUS, CULTURAL, TERRITORIAL TIES TO HOMELAND |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| POLITICAL BASIS FOR BROADER NATIONAL IDENTITY |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| NOT CAUSE OF INTERETHNIC CONFLICT, BUT CAN HELP TO FORM THE BASI FOR VIOLENCE |
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|
Term
| TANGIBLE MATERIAL GREVANCES |
|
Definition
| MOST DANGEROUS WHEN ETHNIC IDENTITY IS LINKED TO IT BETWEEN GROUPS |
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|
Term
| ETHNIC DOMINATION AND DISCRIMINATION |
|
Definition
| WHEN ONE GROUP CONTROLS THE STATE |
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|
Term
| COLLECTIVE FEARS, REINFORCE GROUP SOLIDARITY, INCREASE HOSTILITY |
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Definition
| BASED ON DIVIDING LINES OF ETHNIC IDENTITY THAT LEAD TO VIOLENCE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ETHNONATIONAL VIOLENCE CAN BE SELF-REINFORCING |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DIVISIONS AND HOSTILITIES CAN BE SOLIDIFIED |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| NEGATIVE PREJUDICES ABOUT THE OTHER AND DEPERSONALIZATION |
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|
Term
| PROTRACTED AND INTRACTABLE CYCLES OF VIOLENCE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NO LONGER VIEW OTHER AS HUMAN BEINGS ENTITLED TO BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| RIGHT TO PERSECUTE AND KILL MEMBERS OF OTHER ETHNOGRAPHICAL GROUPS |
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Term
|
Definition
| ETHNIC CLEANSING, GENOCIDE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| THE PLANNED AND DELIBERATE REMOVAL FROM A SPECIFIC TERRITORY, PERSONS OF A PARTICULAR ETHNIC GROUP TO RENDER THAT AREA ETHNICALLY HOMOGENOUS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| THE SYSTEMATIC EXTERMINATION OF ANOTHER ETHNONATIONAL GROUP IN WHOLE OR IN PART |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ROOTS OF CONFLICT BACK TO BELGIAN RULE IN 20S DIVIDING POPULATION INTO HUTU/TUTSI IDENTITIES AND PLACING TUTSI MINORITY TO KEY POSITIONS OF POER |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RWANDAN GENOCIDE (1994) FACTS |
|
Definition
| 800,000 - 1 MIL RWANDANS KILLED IN 100 DAYS -- HUTU TARGETING TUTSI |
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|
Term
| RWANDAN GENOCIDE (1994) AFTERMATH |
|
Definition
| 2 MIL DISPLACED HUTU, CONTINUED ANIMOSITIES, JAILING OF OVER 120,000 HUTU, ESTABLISHMENT OF TUTSI GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY LED BY RPF ANDPAUL KAGAME |
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Term
|
Definition
| NORM THAT HAS BEEN THE KEY ORDERING PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SINCE THE CREATION OF MODERN STATE SYSTEM |
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|
Term
| STATE'S GOVERNMENTAL RIGHTS |
|
Definition
| ULTIMATE CONTROL OVER OWN TERRITORY AND OWN CITIZENS |
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Term
|
Definition
| RIGHT OF NON-INTERFERENCE IN DOMESTIC AFFAIRS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ARTICLE 2 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER |
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|
Term
| ARTICLE 2 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER |
|
Definition
| NOTHING CONTAINED IN THE PRESENT CHARTER SHALL AUTHORIZE THE UN TO INTERVENE IN MATTERS WHICH ARE ESSENTIALLY WITHIN THE DOMESTIC JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ALLOWED UNSEC TO OVERRIDE THE SOVEREIGNTY IF THREAT TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY |
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|
Term
| INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS |
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Definition
| NEW NORM OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS ALSO INCLUDED IN ARTICLE 3 OF UNITED NATIONS CHARTER |
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Term
| ARTICLE 3 OF UNITED NATIONS CHARTER |
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Definition
| PROMOTING AND ENCOURAGING RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND FOR FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS W/O DISTINCTION AS TO RACE, SEX, LANGUAGE OR RELIGION |
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Term
|
Definition
| TO BE RECOGNIZED AND PROTECTED FOR ALL INDIVIDUALS REGARDLESS OF THEIR NATIONAL CITIZENSHIP |
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Term
|
Definition
| ICREASINGLY INTERNALIZED AND INSTITUTIONALIZED BY INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM, LAWS AND TREATIES POST 1945 |
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Term
|
Definition
| TO RESPECT AND PROTECT THE BASIC RIGHTS OF THEIR CITIZENS AND RECOGNIZED RIGHTS LINKED TO UN'S GOAL OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY |
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Term
|
Definition
| EMPHASIS ON INTERSTATE WAR AND EXTERNAL THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF SOVEREIGN STATES |
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Term
|
Definition
| SHIFT IN FOCUS TO SECURITY OF INDIVIDUAL HUMAN BEINGS REGARDLESS OF THEIR CITIZENSHIP |
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Term
|
Definition
| PHYSICAL SECURITY PROTECTIONS; POLITICAL RIGHTS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PROTECTIONS FROM ECONOMIC HEALTH, FOOD, AND ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO INDIVIDUALS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DUTY ON STATES AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO PROTECT |
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|
Term
| HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION |
|
Definition
| THE USE OF COERCIVE MEANS BY STATES OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY FOR HUMANITARIAN PURPOSES TO ENSURE THE HUMAN SECURITY OF CIVILIAN POPULATIONS |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DEVELOPMENT OF NORM THAT STATES MAY HAVE A DUTY TO PROTECT INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY SINCE END OF COLD WAR |
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|
Term
| INTERVENTION OF SOMALIA (92-94) |
|
Definition
| CHAPTER VII INVOKED TO AUTHORIZE ALL NECESARY MEANS TO ESTABLISH A SECURE ENVIRONMENT FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF OPERATIONS |
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|
Term
| CASES OF NON-INTERVENTION |
|
Definition
| FAILURE OF UNSEC AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO INTERVENE TO PREVENT MASS ATROCITIES IN 90S |
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|
Term
| SREBRENICA MASSACRE (1995) |
|
Definition
| IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ESTIMATED 8.000 KILLED, 30,000 REFUGEES |
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|
Term
| ISSUES W/ HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION |
|
Definition
| AD-HOC QUALITY, LACK OF CLEAR GUIDELINES |
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|
Term
| HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION WITHIN THE UNITED NATIONS |
|
Definition
| PUBLIC CALL BY KOFI ANNAN TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES FOR HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION |
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|
Term
| THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT |
|
Definition
| CREATION OF NEW NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES FOR LEGITIMATE INTERVENTION BY UN |
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|
Term
| INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON INTERVENTION AND STATE SOVEREIGNTY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| THE RIGHT TO INTERVENE AS A RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT MOST VULNERABLE |
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|
Term
| RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT STEPS |
|
Definition
| RECONCEPTUALIZE, REFOCUS, RECOGNIZE, THRESHOLD CRITERIA, |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DEBATE OVER SOVEREIGNTY NOT AS INHERENT PRIVILEGE, BUT ALSO AS STATE RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE HUMAN SECURITY OF CITIZENRY |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| IF STATE FAILS IN RESPONSIBILITY VIA ACTION, UNWILLINGNESS OR INACTION, TRANSFERRED TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| TO PREVENT, TO REACT, TO REBUILD |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ADDRESS ROOT CAUSES OF CONFLICT AND CRISES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| RESPOND WITH APPROPRIATE MEASURES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PROVIDE ASSISTANCE AFTER INTERVENTION TO AID RECOVERY RECONSTRUCTION AND RECONCILIATION |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| SERIOUS AND IRREPARABLE HARM OCCURRING TO HUMAN BEINGS RESULTING IN LARGE SCALE LOSS OF LIFE |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| PRIMARY PURPOSE IS HUMANITARIAN W/O ULTERIOR MOTIVES |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| MILITARY INTERVENTION ONLY WHEN ALL OTHER NON-MILITARY MEANS EXHAUSTED AND FAILED |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| SCALE, DURATION, INTENSITY OF INTERVENTION MINIMUM NECESSARY TO END SUFFERING |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| REASONABLE CHANCE MILITARY INTERVENTION WILL SUCCEED AND SONSEQUENCES NOT LIKELY TO BE WORSE THAN INACTION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| INTERVENTIONS SHOULD ALWAYS SEEK AUTHORIZATION OF THE UN - ONLY BODY ABLE TO RENDER INTERVENTIONS BOTH LEGAL AND LEGITIMATE |
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|
Term
| WHAT IF UN FAILS TO ACT EVEN IF ALL R2P CRITERIA MET? |
|
Definition
| INTERVENTIONS MAY BE JUSTIFIED BY REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OR EVEN SINGLE STATES |
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|
Term
| EVOLUTION OF THE R2P NORM |
|
Definition
| R2P WARMLY RECEIVED BY SECRETARY GENERAL ANNAN AND INCLUDED HIGH LEVEL REPORT ON 2005 UN REFORM |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| UNANIMOUS ADOPTION BY GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE R2P PRINCIPLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MASS ATROCITIES A CORE THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY AND RECOGNITION OF A RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LACK OF CAPACITY AND POLITICAL WILL FOR INTERVENTION BY THE UNSEC AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO THE FIRST GENOCIDE OF THE 21ST CENTURY IN DARFUR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CHAPTER VII AUTHORIZATION OF UN AND NATO HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA UNDER UNSEC RES 1973 (MARCH 2011) |
|
|
Term
| FIRST IMPLEMENTATION OF R2P DOCTRINE BY THE UN |
|
Definition
| TO PROTECT HUMAN SECURITY OF CIVILIAN POPULATION |
|
|
Term
| ACCEPTANCE OF R2P GUIDELINES |
|
Definition
| RECOGNITION THAT SOVEREIGNTY MAY NO LONGER BE AN ABSOLUTE IN CASES OF MASS ATROCITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CHAPTER VII AUTHORIZATION OF UN AND NATO HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN LIBYA UNDER UNSEC RES 1973 (MARCH 2011) |
|
|
Term
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION |
|
Definition
| THE STUDY OF STRUCTURES, INSTITUTIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, AND RULES USED TO HELP BRING ORDER TO THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AND AID COORDINATION AND COOPERATION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL ACTORS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| INTERNATIONAL NORMS, INTERNATIONAL LAWS AND TREATIES, INTERNATIONAL REGIMES, FORMAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FOUNDED POST WWII IN 1945 BY ALLIED POWERS IN SAN FRANCISCO W/ SUPPORT OF 51 OTHER STATES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HELPING TO PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL ORDER, PEACE AND STABILITY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PROVIDED BY UN FOR ALL WORLD'S SOVEREIGN STATES TO ENGAGE IN NEGOTIATION AND COOPERATION ON KEY INTERNATIONAL THREATS/ISSUES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PRINCIPLES OF UN ENSHRINED IT AND IT WAS SIGNED BY ALL UN MEMBER STATES (193 AS OF 2011) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RECOGNITION OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY EQUALITY AND INDEPENDENCE UNDER ARTICLE 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MEMBERS MUST RESPECT SOVEREIGNTY DIPLOMACY, INTERNATIONAL LAWS, HUMAN RIGHTS, TREATIES, AND NON-AGGRESSION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PRIVIDE A KEY FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND COORDINATION FOR STATE INTERESTS, STABILITY AND SECURITY, NON VIOLENT CONFLICT RESOLUTION, KEY SOURCE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DEMOCRATIC BODY MADE UP OF ALL 193 MEMBER STATES EACH WITH EQUAL VOICE AND VOTE IN GA MEETINGS, ARENA FOR MULTILATERAL DISCUSSIONS AND DECISIONS, SETS BROAD POLICY AGENDA, UN PROGRAMS AND AGENCIES |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| UN ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM, UNICEF (UN CHILDREN'S FUND), UNHCR (HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES) UNDP (UN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM) |
|
|
Term
| UN AFFILIATED AUTONOMOUS AGENCIES |
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Definition
| WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO), WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) |
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Term
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Definition
| INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY, FIVE PERMANENT MEMBERS, SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS VINDING, |
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Term
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Definition
| US, UK, CHINA, RUSSIA, FRANCE |
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Term
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Definition
| UNSC HAS POWER TO TAKE ALL NECESSARY MEASURES TO MAINTAIN INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY INCLUDING MEDIATION, SANCTIONS, OR COLLECTIVE MILITARY ACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF UN LED BY UN SECRETARY GENERAL |
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Term
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Definition
| MAIN BUREAUCRATIC ARM OF UN RESPONSIBLE FOR ADMINISTRATION OF UN PROGRAMS AND POLICIES |
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Term
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Definition
| NOT ENVISIONED UNDER UN CHARTER BUT DEVELOPED UNDER SECRETARIAT TO HELP RESOLVE AND MEDIATE CONFLICTS DURING COLD WAR DEADLOCK |
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Term
| TRADITIONAL UN PEACEKEEPING |
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Definition
| OFTEN INVOLVES DIRECTLY INTERPOSING TROOPS BETWEEN TWO WARRING GROUPS AND/OR HELPING TO FACILITATE NEGOTIATIONS AND COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ACTORS |
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Term
| TRADITIONAL UN OBSERVATION |
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Definition
| MILITARY OBSERVERS SENT ON BEHALF OF UN TO MONITOR AND REPORT BACK ON EVOLVING SECURITY SITUATIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| POST COLD WAR 92- INCREASING MILITARY USE OF PEACEKEEPERS W/O THE CONSENT OF THE HOST GOVERNMENT |
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Term
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Definition
| LIMITED INDEPENDENT POWER OF THE UN TO TAKE ACTION OUTSIDE INTERESTS OF MOST POWERFUL STATES |
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Term
| PEACE AND SECURITY PROVISIONS |
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Definition
| DONT SEEM TO APPLY TO GREAT POWERS |
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Term
| UN IS DEPENDENT ON MEMBER STATES |
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Definition
| FINANCES, MILITARY FORCES/SUPPLIES |
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Term
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Definition
| HAS DONE EXCELLENT WORK IN TERMS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN GLOBAL SOUTH |
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Term
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Definition
| PROVIDED BY UN FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION, COOPERATION, COORDINATION AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION |
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Term
| ANARCHIC NATURE OF INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM |
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Definition
| NO GLOBAL GOVERNMENT/ENFORCEMENT OR LEGISLATURE TO CREATE OR PASS NEW INTERNATIONAL LAWS |
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Term
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Definition
| GROWING BODY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW CREATED BY STATES TO REGULATE INTERACTIONS, PROVIDE STABILITY AND FACILITATE COOPERATION AROUND KEY ISSUES |
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Term
| CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW |
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Definition
| PRIMARY SOURCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW DERIVED FROM TRADITIONS OF GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICE EVIDENCED BY STATE BEHAVIOR AND SENSE OF OBLIGATION |
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Term
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Definition
| WRITTEN CONVENTIONS AND CONTRACTS B/W TWO OR MORE STATES, BINDING ON STATES ONCE SIGNED, VERY STRONG DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL NORMS |
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Term
| PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT |
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Definition
| ULTIMATELY DEPENDENT ON STATES THEMSELVES IN ABSENCE OF WORLD GOVERNMENT, JUDICIARY, OR POLICE FORCE |
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Term
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Definition
| STATES MAY BELIEVE IT IS RIGHT OR APPROPRIATE TO OBEY LAWS |
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Term
| INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE |
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Definition
| INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CREATED UNDER UN CHARTER IN 1945 TO CONTRIBUTE TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY |
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Term
| 15 INTERNATIONAL JUDGES ELECTED ON 9 YR TERMS |
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Definition
| PROVIDE ADVISORY OPINIONS AND A FORUM TO ARBITRATE DISAGREEMENTS OVER PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW, FORUM SOLELY FOR STATES |
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Term
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Definition
| MAKE DECISIONS BINDING, LIMITED ABILITY TO ENFORCE RULINGS, SLOWNESS OF PROCEEDINGS, 140 RULINGS TO DATE |
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Term
| INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW |
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Definition
| EMERGENCE OF BODY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW FOLLOWING WWII W/ FOUNDATION IN EMERGING NORM OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND REFLECTED IN LEGACY OF THE NUREMBERG TRIBUNALS (1945) |
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Term
| TRIAL OF NAZIS BY ALLIED POWERS DESIGNED TO |
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Definition
| BRIGHT THE WEIGHT OF LAW AND CRIMINAL SANCTIONS TO BEAR IN SUPPORT OF THE PEACEFUL AND HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES OF THE UN |
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Term
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Definition
| ESTABLISHED CORE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN BODY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW |
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Term
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Definition
| INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY HAS A MORAL AND LEGAL OBLIGATION TO ENFORCE JUSTICE WHEN STATES UNABLE/UNWILLING |
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Term
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Definition
| CAN AND SHOULD BE PROSECUTED AND PUNISHED FOR GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS |
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Term
| ICC (INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT) |
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Definition
| TO PROSECUTE INDIVIDUALS UNDER INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW FOR GROSS VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS |
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Term
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Definition
| GRANTED TO ICC OVER PROSECUTIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| TREATY ORGANIZATION OPERATES AMONG STATE SIGNATORIES TO ROME STATUES |
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Term
| ICC ONLY HAS JURISDICTION TO PROSECUTE IF |
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Definition
| ACCUSED A NATIONAL OF STATE PARTY, CRIME WAS COMMITTED IN TERRITORY OF STATE PARTY, NON PARTY ACCEPTS JURISDICTION |
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Term
| IF REFERRED TO ICC BY UNSEC VIA CH VII |
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Definition
| THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY |
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Term
| PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY |
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Definition
| RECOGNIZES IMPORTANCE OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY, ICC JURISDICTION |
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Term
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Definition
| WHEN A STATE IS UNWILLING OR UNABLE |
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Term
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Definition
| 121 COUNTRIES RATIFIED AND BECAME MEMBER STATES OF ICC |
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Term
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Definition
| LACK OF ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, LIMITED JURISDICTION/POWERS, POTENTIAL BIAS, INCREDIBLY EXPENSIVE |
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Term
| INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| THE PROCESS BY WHICH INTERNATIONAL ACTORS COME TOGETHER IN WAYS THAT TRANSCEND THE BOUNDARIES OF TRADITIONAL STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND BORDERS |
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Term
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Definition
| GROWING INTERDEPENDENCE AND RISE OF ISSUES DEMANDING GREATER COORDINATION AND COOPERATION BETWEEN ACTORS |
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Term
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Definition
| SHARED BELIEFS, INTERESTS (HUMAN RIGHTS/TERRORISM) |
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Term
| SUPRANATIONAL INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| WHEN STATES DECIDE TO JOIN TOGETHER TO EXTEND THAT TRADITIONAL SOVEREIGN POWERS OR AUTHORITIES ARE TRANSFERRED TO A LARGER POLITICAL BODY |
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Term
| SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATION |
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Definition
| REDUCES AUTONOMY AND CONTROL OF STATES IN KEY AREAS OF GOVERNANCE |
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Term
| EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| GLOBAL TRADE AND FINANCE, SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS |
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Term
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Definition
| REGIONAL TRADING BLOCS (NAFTA, ASEAN, EU), WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) |
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Term
| SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (EXAMPLES) |
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Definition
| UNITED NATIONS, AFRICAN UNION, EUROPEAN UNION |
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Term
| THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| NEOREALIST THEORIES OF INTEGRATION, NEOLIBERAL THEORIES OF INTEGRATION |
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Term
| NEOREALIST THEORIES OF INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| WAY FOR STATES TO JOIN POWER WITH ONE ANOTHER TO INCREASE RELATIVE POWER AND SECURITY, SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS CREATED AND DOMINATED BY MOST POWERFUL |
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Term
| NEOLIBERAL THEORIES OF INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| STATES COME TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE MUTUAL GOALS/INTERESTS, SUPRANATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ALLOW STATES TO ACHIEVE GOALS WOULD NOT OTHERWISE BE ABLE TO |
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Term
| FUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| INCREASING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC TIES BETWEEN COUNTRIES LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF MORE SUPRANATIONAL STRUCTURES AND INSTITUTIONS TO SUPPORT THESE FUNCTIONS |
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Term
| NEOFUNCTIONALIST THEORIES OF INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| THAT INTERDEPENDENCE AT TECHNICAL OR ECONOMIC LEVELS WILL LEAD TO SPILL-OVER INTO GREATER INTEGRATION IN OTHER ASPECTS OR AREAS |
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Term
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Definition
| CREATE SHARED SUPRANATIONAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS TO HELP MANAGE AREAS OF INTERDEPENDENCE |
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Term
| CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORIES OF INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| GROWING SENSE OF SHARED IDENTITY OR COMMUNITY, CHANGE IN IDENTITY AND INTERESTS FROM NATIONAL TO SUPRANATIONAL LEVELS |
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Term
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Definition
| INTEGRATED TO EXTENT THAT NO EXPECTATIONS OF VIOLENCE AMONG MEMBERS |
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Term
| TECHNOLOGY AND INTEGRATION |
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Definition
| HOW CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES HAVE HELPED PROMOTE REGIONAL AND GLOBAL INTEGRATION AMONG INTERNATIONAL ACTORS THAT TRANSCENDS STATE BORDERS |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| WESTERN CULTURAL IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM, FUNDAMENTALISM, COMPETING BLOCS |
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