Term
| Nutrition interventions influence the ____ or ____ of a diagnosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organization evaluates health fraud? |
|
Definition
| NCAHF National Council Against Health Fraud |
|
|
Term
| When evaluating for healthcare fraud, obtain info about the claim via questions about CARS which stands for |
|
Definition
| credibility, accuracy, reasonableness, supporting documentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
|
|
Term
| Discharge plan begins when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discharge note includes summary of |
|
Definition
| nutrition therapies and outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| H2 blocker for tx of gastric ulcers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as tolerated, avoiding peppers, caffeine, alcohol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same as gastric ulcer diet: as tolerated, avoiding peppers, caffeine, alcohol |
|
|
Term
| Dumping syndrome occurs after |
|
Definition
| a gastrectomy (billroth 1 or 2) |
|
|
Term
| Physiology of dumping syndrome |
|
Definition
| Processed sugar enters jejunum, water is drawn in to achieve osmotic balance (diarrhea)- blood pressure drops. 2h later, CHO is digested and rapidly absorbed, BG increases rapidly, insulin is overproduced and hyperglycemia is follow by hypoglycemia. |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of dumping syndrome |
|
Definition
| cramps, dizziness, diarrhea (weakness, perspiration, rapid pulse) |
|
|
Term
| Billroth 1 (gastroduodenostomy) |
|
Definition
| attaches the remaining stomach to the duodenum. |
|
|
Term
| Billroth 2 (gastrojejunostomy) |
|
Definition
| attaches remaining stomach to jejunum - duodenum is bypassed. |
|
|
Term
| Secretion of what is reduced with a billroth 2 surgery and why? |
|
Definition
| secretin and pancreozymin because they are stimulated by food entering the duodenum which is bypassed. |
|
|
Term
| Absorption of what 2 minerals is reduced w/ billroth 2 surgery because the duodenum is bypassed and why? |
|
Definition
| Ca because its most rapid absorption is in the duodenum and Fe because it needs acid |
|
|
Term
| Why is Ca absorption reduced in pt w/ billroth 2? |
|
Definition
| bc most rapid absorption is in the duodenum which is bypassed |
|
|
Term
| Why is Fe absorption reduced in pt w/ billroth 2? |
|
Definition
| because duodenum is bypassed and Fe needs the acid |
|
|
Term
| What test diagnoses pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can folate def mask B12 def? |
|
Definition
| because B12 is needed for folate tx inside cell, so B12 def = folate def |
|
|
Term
| Having all or part of stomach (billroth 1 or 2) removed interferes with absorption of which nutrients and why? |
|
Definition
| B12, because it needs to bind to intrinsic factor produced by the stomach. Folate, because it needs B12 to enter cells. To a lesser extend Fe (esp if no duodenum or bypassed), because it needs acid for better absorption. |
|
|
Term
| What pts might need B12 injections? |
|
Definition
| billroth 1 or 2, total/partial gastrectomy recipients; tropical sprue |
|
|
Term
| Dumping syndrome nutrition therapy |
|
Definition
| no [sweets]. 50-60% of CHO complex, protein at each meal, fluids before or after meals to slow passage, moderate fat consumption |
|
|
Term
| What pt population might poorly tolerate lactose d/t rapid transport? |
|
Definition
| billroth 1 or 2, total/partial gastrectomy recipients |
|
|
Term
| Delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) can be caused by |
|
Definition
| Surgery, DM, viral infections, obstructions |
|
|
Term
| Why does DM cause gastroparesis? |
|
Definition
| Bc mod-severe hyperglycemia has detrimental effects on gastric nerves |
|
|
Term
| What meds would you recommend for gastroparesis? |
|
Definition
| Prokinetics like erythromycin, metoclopromide |
|
|
Term
| erythromycin, metoclopromide are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase gastric motility |
|
|
Term
| Nutrition therapy for gastroparesis |
|
Definition
| SFM, pureed food, avoid high fiber/fat, do liquid fat |
|
|
Term
| when would a bezoar form? |
|
Definition
| in gastroparesis w/ undigested food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection |
|
|
Term
| nutrition therapy for tropical sprue |
|
Definition
| high kcals/pro, IM B12, PO folate supps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Celiac disease affects what organs and what do they react to? |
|
Definition
| jejunum and ileum, gliadin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Malabsorption: diarreah, steatorrhea, FSV def, Fe def an, macrocytic anemia, wt loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GF cannot have thickeners because |
|
Definition
| they are usually made from starch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakened colon muscles, can cause constipation |
|
|
Term
| Constipation nutrition therapy |
|
Definition
increase fiber/fluids + exercise
rare - cause is too much fiber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the presence of diverticula: small sacs protruding from intestinal wall d/t structural weakness r/t constipation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when diverticula become inflamed as a result of food and residue accumulation and bacterial action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high fiber diet!!!!! Increases volume/weight/transit time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLD, low fiber diet, gradual return to high fiber diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides indigestible CHO (lignins) bulk, promotes intestinal fx. Binds water |
|
|
Term
| How does fiber lower cholesterol and what type of fiber |
|
Definition
| Oat bran and soluble fibers, by binding bile acids causing more cholesterol to need to be used to make bile |
|
|
Term
| What effect do soluble fibers have? |
|
Definition
| delay gastric emptying, absorb water, delays/inhibits absorption of CHO/chol in SI by forming a gel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pectins, gums; F/V, legumes, oats, apples, citrus fruits, bananas |
|
|
Term
| A high fiber diet may increase the need for |
|
Definition
| nutrients (Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Se, Zn, Fe) |
|
|
Term
| A low fiber diet may lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CLD, ADAT, avoid gastric irritants |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of IBD inflammatory bowel disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regional enteritis (Crohn's disease) |
|
Definition
| affects any part of GI tract, causes wt loss, anorexia, diarrhea, B12 DEF --> megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ONLY AFFECTS COLON so removal of colon = DISEASE GONE. Causes chronic bloody diarrhea, wt loss, anorexia, electrolyte abnormalities, dehydration, anemia, fever, negative nitrogen balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antidiarrheals, WSV/FSV, Fe, folate, MCT oil, limit fat only if steatorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammatory bowel diease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elemental diet may be needed to minimize fecal volume |
|
|
Term
| Acute crohn's flare-ups MNT |
|
Definition
| bowel rest, PN or low fiber diet |
|
|
Term
| Diet for when IBD is in remission or under control? |
|
Definition
| high fiber to stimulate peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| Irritable bowel syndrome IBS |
|
Definition
| Chronic abd discomfort, altered intestinal motility, bloating |
|
|
Term
| IBS Irritable bowel syndrome MNT |
|
Definition
| Tailor to specific GI issues; avoid large meals, excess caffeine/alcohol/sugars; track triggers (food diary to identify) |
|
|
Term
| Lactose intolerance d/t LACTASE DEFICIENCY |
|
Definition
| When lactase isn't there to break lactose into glucose and galactose, whole lactose exerts hyperosmolar pressure --> water in GI tract --> diarrhea, + bacteria fermenting undigested lactose --> CO2 gas (farting) |
|
|
Term
| Lactose intolerance d/t LACTASE DEFICIENCY can be dx by |
|
Definition
| breath hydrogen test, lactose tolerance test |
|
|
Term
| Lactose intolerance d/t LACTASE DEFICIENCY MNT |
|
Definition
| Ca/riboflavin supps, no milk/milk pdts, no whey; yogurt and small amount of aged cheese might be tolerated |
|
|
Term
| Acute Diarrhea MNT in infants/ children |
|
Definition
| aggressive and immediate rehydration, replace fluids/electrolytes; that is CHEAPER than PN and AS EFFECTIVE. reintroduce PO w/in 24h. |
|
|
Term
| chronic nonspecific infantile diarrhea MNT (no significant malabsorption) |
|
Definition
| 40%kcals as fat, limited fluids, restrict or dilute fruit juice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remove cause, bowel rest, replace fluids/electrolytes. once diarrhea STOPS, begin low fiber diet follow by protein, don't restrict fat. Feed prebiotic foods (banana flakes, oats), and probiotics. |
|
|
Term
| Steatorrhea is a consequence of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal stool fat is 2-5g. Steatorrhea is indicated by stool fat of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High pro/complex CHO, fat as tol, V/M, MCT oil |
|
|
Term
| Short bowel syndrome SBS length |
|
Definition
| Less than 2m (6.6ft) left |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diarrhea, fluid/electrolyte imbalances, malabsorption, weight loss, malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| Removal of what parts of the digestive system in SBS are of particular concern? |
|
Definition
| Distal 1/3rd of ileum, ileocecal valve, colon |
|
|
Term
| Most digestion takes place in the first ___cm of intestine |
|
Definition
| 100cm - duodenum, upper jejunum |
|
|
Term
| the first 100cm of intestine duodenum, upper jejunum is where |
|
Definition
| most digestion takes place |
|
|
Term
| if the jejunum is resected, how can the digestive system respond to this? |
|
Definition
| The ileum can adapt and take over its functions |
|
|
Term
| Major complications are seen when this part of the small intestine is significantly resected. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen if the distal ileum is removed? |
|
Definition
| absorption of B12 and intrinsic factor and bile salts decreases |
|
|
Term
| What part of the digestive system normally absorbs most of the fluid back into the body from the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens when the ileum is significantly resected and cannot adequately or at all recycle bile salts? |
|
Definition
| Lipids cannot be emulsified and are malabsorbed, forming "soaps" with Ca, Mg, Zn; colonic absorption of oxalates increase forming stones, increased colonic motility and fluid/electrolyte secretion |
|
|
Term
| What happens if the colon is removed? |
|
Definition
| water and electrolyte loss, loss of salvage absorption of CHO and other nutrients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PN initially, then trophic EN increasing; may takes weeks to months to transition to foods |
|
|
Term
| MNT for SBS without jejunum |
|
Definition
| avoid lactose, oxalates, and [sweets]; add V/M supps |
|
|
Term
| MNT for SBS without ileum |
|
Definition
| limit fat, use MCT oil, supplement FSV, Ca, Mg, Zn, parenteral B12 followed by monthly injections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Store and release blood, filters toxic elements, metabolizes and stores nutrients, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| What causes LFTs to elevate |
|
Definition
| liver damage which causes damage to liver cells so they spill their contents including liver enzymes into the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation, necrosis, jaundice, anorexia, nausea, fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase fluids to prevent dehydration, 50-55% CHO to replenish liver glycogen, limit fat if steatorrhea, SFM (for anorexia), encourage coffee (antioxidant), multivitamin with B complex, C, K, Zn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Damaged liver tissue is replaced by bands of connective tissue which divides the liver into clumps and reroutes many of the veins and capillaries, disrupting blood flow. |
|
|
Term
| Protein def w/ cirrhosis leads to |
|
Definition
| ascites, fatty liver, impaired blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| esophageal veins --> portal vein --> liver --> vena cava |
|
|
Term
| Ascites occurs when blood cannot leave through the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ascites patho (super interesting) |
|
Definition
| When blood cannot exit liver into vena cava bc cirrhosis, it hold liver until it reaches 1 liter, the max it can hold, at which point the blood sweats out into the peritoneal cavity as almost pure plasma with high osmolarity which draws even MORE fluid into it to help dilute it. |
|
|
Term
| Ascites leads to ___ and ___ retention. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low serum albumin in ascites may be due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ascites occurs when blood can't exit the liver, esophageal varices occur when blood can't |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 25-40% of kcals, or <40g/d if malabsorption |
|
|
Term
| The body's preferred fuel source in the presence of cirrhosis is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diet for edema or ascites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid restriction 1-1.5L, mod Na intake |
|
|
Term
| 3 parts of alcoholic liver disease |
|
Definition
| hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| why does fatty liver happen in alcoholic liver disease? |
|
Definition
| H replaces fat as fuel in the krebs cycle so fat accumulates in the liver and blood (high TGs) |
|
|
Term
| Why does H replace fat as fuel in alcoholic hepatitis? |
|
Definition
| Because excess alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde and excess H which disrupts liver metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Describe alcoholic malnutrition |
|
Definition
| Alcohol replaces food in the diet, inflames GI tract and causes malabsorption of thaimin, B12, VC, folate. Increased need for Mg because it's excreted w/ alcohol. Malnutrition increases alcohol's destructive effects. thiamin def leads to wernicke-korsakoff syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome |
|
Definition
| encephalopathy from severe thiamin def which can be caused by alcoholism. |
|
|
Term
| ESLD is when you have less than __% liver fx left. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Liver cannot convert ammonia (NH3) into urea so it build up and causes sleepiness, confusion, and coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flapping jerking motions in ESLD that are a sign coma is coming |
|
|
Term
ESLD if not comatose
pro/kcals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fat for ESLD if not comatose |
|
Definition
| 30-35% of kcals, MCT if needed |
|
|
Term
| When do you use BCAAs in ESLD? |
|
Definition
| When pt does not tolerate standard therapy/protein |
|
|
Term
| Why are lactulose and neomycin used in ESLD? |
|
Definition
| Lactulose is a hyperosmotic laxative that removes N, neomycin is an ABX that destroys the bacteria that produce ammonia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ABX that destroys the bacteria that produce ammonia |
|
|
Term
| an ABX that destroys the bacteria that produce ammonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for chronic and acute gallbladder disease |
|
Definition
| acute - 30-45g fat/d (low fat), chronic fat 25-30% of kcals. Also cholecystectmy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bile now secreted from liver directly into intesine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreatic inflammation with edema, fat necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blockage of ducts leading to buildup of panc enzymes in panc or premature activation of panc enzymes so it starts to digest itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NPO, IV fluid, can tolerate EN past ligament of treitz, ADAT to low fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| PO pancreatic enzymes, eat max lvl tolerated fat for weight gain, FSV in WS form if malabsorbing fat, avoid large meals w/ fatty foods, alcohol |
|
|
Term
| PN is needed in pancreatitis if |
|
Definition
| it is severe and prolonged chronic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreatic enzymes for chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| cystic fibrosis is a disease of |
|
Definition
| the exocrine glands where they excrete a thick mucus that obstructs the ducts everywhere in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High protein/kcal, unrestricted fat, liberal salt. Supplement FSV in water soluble forms. Normal amounts of V/M. If growing normally though, normal amounts of everything |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary HTN, not caused by something (secondary) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obesity is a major factor in what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for HTN/CAD may include thiazide diuretics which may cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 factors in prevention and tx of CAD/HTN |
|
Definition
| Obesity, physical activity, alcohol, high Na intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DASH, Na restriction, lose wt if needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| whole grains, F/V low fat dairy, chicken, fish, mod Na, limit alcohol, decrease sweets, Don't supp Ca |
|
|
Term
| Mediterranean diet is rich in what compound |
|
Definition
| alpha linolenic acid, MUFAs |
|
|
Term
| Fat sources in Mediterranean diet |
|
Definition
| olive oil, canola, soy, nuts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fish, poultry, eggs, breads, low in beef |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| F/V in abundance, beans, legumes, yogurt, cheese, resveratrol from grapes/wine, high good fat, lean meat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of lipids; structural and compositional changes in the large arteries |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| HTN, obesity, smoking, elevated blood lipids, heredity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hard, narrow arteries from plaque buildup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood def d/t obstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of elasticity of blood vessel walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx chol from diet/liver to all cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx cholesterol from cells to liver for excretion |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic syndrome - 3/5 of |
|
Definition
| HTN, hyperTG, hyperglycemia, waist >40in men or >35in women, low HDL <40 in men <50 in women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| half fiber soluble fiber, get enough fiber, <7% kcals from sat fats, 30 mins mod exercise most days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weakened heart muscles cant adequately pump blood so blood builds up in tissues (SOB, edema) |
|
|
Term
| heart failure effect on kidneys |
|
Definition
| reduced blood flow to kidneys (reduced perfusion) causes them to release hormones that lead to the retention of Na and therefore fluid leading to wt gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diuretics (glucose intol), low Na diet, DASH diet, FR if needed, 1.2g/kg, normal kcals i guess, evaluate thiamin needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aspart (novolog), lispro (humalog) |
|
|
Term
| rapid acting insulin duration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short acting insulin length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intermediate acting insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| need bedtime snack w/ what insulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glargine (lantus), determir (levemir) |
|
|
Term
| long acting insulin length |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DM drug that promotes insulin secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enhances insulin action, suppress liver glucose production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased morning BG and need for insulin d/t livers natural response to create/release insulin after fasting all night |
|
|
Term
| complications of uncontrolled DM acutely |
|
Definition
| acute DKA, acute hyp-O-glycemia (from excess or lack of insulin) |
|
|
Term
| LT complications of uncontrolled DM |
|
Definition
| nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoglycemia that happens a few hours postprandially |
|
|
Term
| Addison's disease def and MNT |
|
Definition
| adrenal cortex atrophy - no adrenal hormones. high pro, frequent meals, high Na |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess secretion of thyroid hormones, increased BMR leading to weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypothyroidism def and MNT |
|
Definition
| thyroid hormone def. decreased BMR leading to wt gain. MNT- wt reduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purine metabolism. increased serum uremic acid deposits in joints causing swelling and pain. |
|
|
Term
| Gout diet (although may not be effective) |
|
Definition
| low purine diet (low fish/organs) - avoid broth, anchovies, sardines, organ meats, sweetbreads, herring, mackerel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| missing type of galactose enzyme, CANNOT have galactose OR lactose. Avoid: organs, MSG, milk, dates, bell peppers |
|
|
Term
| okay to have w/ galactosemia |
|
Definition
| hydrolyzed casein, lactate, lactic acid, lactalbumin |
|
|
Term
| urea cycle defects def and MNT |
|
Definition
| unable to synthesize urea from ammonia so ammonia builds up, MNT: protein restriction |
|
|
Term
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) def |
|
Definition
| missing enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase which converts phenylalanine to tryptophan so phenylalanine metabolites build up to toxic lvls. |
|
|
Term
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) MNT |
|
Definition
| NO PHENYLALANINE IN DIET. Supplement tyrosine. PKU free formulas for infants. This leads to a low pro, high CHO diet which can lead to dental caries. |
|
|
Term
| glycogen storage disease def and MNT |
|
Definition
| def of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver, impairs gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis --> hypoglycemia. high CHO, low fat diet; eat raw cornCHO at reg intervals for glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| treatable inheritable disorder of AA metabolism. Severe elevated levels of methionine and homocystiene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes low folate, B12, B6; supplement and if that doesn't work, low pro, low methionine diet |
|
|
Term
| Maple syrup urine disease def and MNT |
|
Definition
| inborn error of metabolism of the BCAAs. Restrict BCAAs, avoid eggs, meat, nuts, dairy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lose weight if needed, normocytic anemia may develop, "anti-inflammatory" diet MAY help, would resemble mediterranean diet. NOT DIET RELATED, arthritis prevents reuse of iron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NONE
May have FE, folate, Ca, fiber, B12 def
May show sx of celiac disease
May have not diet related anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 400-800 IU VD/d, 1.2g Ca/d, not more than 500mg at a time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malnutrition, lack of exercise, decline in estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defective Ca absorption --> decreased bone density |
|
|
Term
| rickets is to kids as ___ is to adults |
|
Definition
| osteomalacia, adult rickets. VD def |
|
|
Term
| osteomalacia MNT (really easy) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epilepsy anticonvulsants phenobarbital and dilantin cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supps needed w/ epilepsy anticonvulsants phenobarbital and dilantin |
|
Definition
| 1mg folate, VD, Ca, thiamin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hold TF for 2h bc it decreases bioavailability of the drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cerebral palsy spastic form (difficult stiff movement) MNT |
|
Definition
| low kcal, high fluid, high fiber |
|
|
Term
| cerebral palsy non-spastic (athetoid) form MNT |
|
Definition
| high kcal/pro finger food diet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immobilization leads to decreased ability to absorb Ca; also N loss happens |
|
|
Term
| Spinal cord paralysis MNT |
|
Definition
| energy needs 10% below predicted, 1.5L fluid/d |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stage 1+2: 1.2-1.5g.
Stage 3+4: 1.5-2g and supplement vitamin C and Zn, daily dietary VA |
|
|
Term
| Hyperactivity is NOT CAUSED BY |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoid distractions during meal times, may need cues to eat, finger foods can help, avoid dehydration, low sat fat, one course at a time, soft calming background music |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| microcytic, hypochromic anemia |
|
Definition
| small pale RBCs d/t Fe def |
|
|
Term
| small pale RBCs d/t Fe def |
|
Definition
| microcytic, hypochromic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia |
|
Definition
| FEW large cells d/t folate or B12 def |
|
|
Term
| FEW large cells d/t folate or B12 def |
|
Definition
| Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liver, kidney, beef, dried fruit, dried peas and beans, nuts, leafy green veggies |
|
|
Term
| Most common food allergens |
|
Definition
| peanuts, eggs, soy, milk, wheat, shellfish |
|
|
Term
| gold standard for detecting allergies |
|
Definition
| double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges |
|
|
Term
| Food least likely to cause an allergy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food intolerance differs from allergy why |
|
Definition
| no antibodies are produced |
|
|
Term
| In the immediate shock period following a burn, BMR increases by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase kcals based on burn size, 1.5-3g, VC, 2xRDA WSV, 10,000 IU VA, VK if on ABX, Zn if def |
|
|
Term
| Results of physiologic trauma |
|
Definition
| hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, little or no ketosis, increased glucagon; protein catabolism to be converted to glucose for energy. Unavoidable N/pro losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adequate, not excessive kcals, at RMR. 1.5-2.0g protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taste changes: seasonings, PO infections: avoid spicy/acidic food and eat bland, throat/neck CA: PEG |
|
|
Term
| radiation nutrition challenges (think of what you would do) |
|
Definition
| loss of taste, dry mouth, mucositis, diarrhea, malabsorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| N/V malabsorption, anorexia, stomatitis (from riboflavin def), |
|
|
Term
| mucositis offer ___ and ___ food. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein calorie starvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malnutrition brought on by hospitalization |
|
|
Term
| Immediate concern w/ anorexia? |
|
Definition
| correct electrolyte abnormalities (K) |
|
|
Term
| Refeeding increases ____ load. |
|
Definition
| cardiac. so refeed slowly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| damage to teeth, throat, knuckles, esophagus; rectal bleeding; low K/Cl lvls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wt maintenance + multidiscp team + heavy parental involvement, usually don't recommend wt loss unless child has serious medical conditions. |
|
|
Term
| A dieter reaching a plateau is the manifestation of |
|
Definition
| BMR dropping to reflect their weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevated LDL, normal to low HDL |
|
|
Term
| bariatric surgery eligibility |
|
Definition
| BMI >40 OR >35 + comorbidities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small gastric pouch connected directly to the jejunum |
|
|
Term
| Potential s/e of roux-en-y |
|
Definition
| dumping syndrome, anemia, K/mg/folate/B12 def (NEED to supplement) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| using staples to create a small gastric pouch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| full reversible inflatable adjustable gastric band, does not require supplements |
|
|
Term
| Prader willi syndrome MNT |
|
Definition
| Grehlin lvls elevated --> excess growth hormone, appetite, intake, fat deposits; no sense of satiety, early childhood obesity, best treatment to control food intake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cheddar cheese, nuts, meat |
|
|
Term
| Sugar alcohols do not ___ tooth decay. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| get enough riboflavin, rinse mouth with water after meals, no spicy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bland diet, no spicy foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder of lower esophageal sphincter motility, does not relax and upon upon swallowing (causes dysphagia), need pureed/thick food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| don't eat before bed, avoid soda, caffeine, acidic foods; need small low fat meals, liquids empty more rapidly |
|
|
Term
| Do NOT limit ___ w/ preeclampsia/eclampsia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperemesis gravidarum def and MNT |
|
Definition
| severe N/C, acidosis, wt loss. need bed rest, and small frequent amounts of CHO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diarrhea, malabsorption, N/V weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kcals: BEE x1.3, reg pro or 1.2-2 if wasted LBM, neutropenic diet, DO NOT BREASTFEED |
|
|
Term
| AIDS drugs nutrition problems |
|
Definition
| anemia, loss of appetite, low B12/Cu/Zn/carnitine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High pro/kcals for wt gain, double V/M; LBM can be obscured by edema |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high kcal/pro, SFM/snacks, easy to prepare/eat, nutrient dense supplements/foods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1.5-2g. If EN - formula w/ EPA, linoleic acid, antioxidant vitamins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have poor taste. peptamen, vivonex |
|
|
Term
| A large bore TF for blenderized foods is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A small bore TF thats more comfortable for ready prepared formulas is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hang time for open EN systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short term EN access would be needed for |
|
Definition
| 3-4 weeks, NG tube, bolus feeds |
|
|
Term
| A transpyloric tube is placed |
|
Definition
| past the pyloric sphincter |
|
|
Term
| Long term TF time and type |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to check tube placement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| short term peripheral pn (PPN) would be used for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PPN solutions are limited to what osmolality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gut-associated lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| max glucose infusion rate for TPN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| min fat rate in TPN to prevent def |
|
Definition
| 500cc 10% fat emulsion 1-2x a week |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You cannot ___ during period of cardiac instability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| D/C TPN when pt tolerates __% of needs met by EN. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Populations at risk for refeeding syndrome |
|
Definition
| anorexia, chronic alcoholism, starvated for 7-10 days, significant weight loss, phos-def TPN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Estimated average requirement for 50% of the population, used when planning meals for healthy people |
|
|
Term
| AI (adequate intake) used when |
|
Definition
| insufficient data to form an EAR or RDA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tolerable upper intake level NOT ASSOCIATED with adverse side effects in most individuals of a healthy population |
|
|
Term
| Dietary guidelines for americans are revised every |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Community nutrition programs use these guidelines when developing plans |
|
Definition
| Dietary guidelines for americans |
|
|
Term
| Dietary guidelines for americans - physical activity guidelines |
|
Definition
| 30 mins mod a day, 60-90min mod-vig most days for wt loss |
|
|
Term
| Dietary guidelines for americans - general dietary guidelines |
|
Definition
| <10% kcals from sat fat, <300mg chol, 20-35% kcals from fat, <2300mg Na, limit trans fats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| USDA's overall measure of diet quality; measures how well americans follow the Dietary guidelines for americans |
|
|
Term
| Healthy People 2020 - National Health Program and Disease Prevention |
|
Definition
| Identifies broad goals and specific objectives for improving health. Targets healthy diet and healthy weight as critical goals. |
|
|
Term
| licensure laws for dietitians are |
|
Definition
| effective legal recourse for consumer protection from incompetent nutrition practitioners |
|
|
Term
| The Transtheoretical Stages of Change |
|
Definition
| Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance |
|
|
Term
| Health belief model explains |
|
Definition
| why those at highest risk for disease don't participate in programs designed to detect or prevent it. It's because they don't perceive their risk as a threat either because they don't know about it or don't know about its risk factors. |
|
|
Term
| Goals are ___ while objectives are ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SMART goals or objectives |
|
Definition
| specific, measurable (action verb), achievable, relevant, time frame |
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