Term
| Continue to be mainstay against gram negative aerobes; bactericidal; cover staphylococci (but don't use it on staph infection by itself!); second line antitubercular agent |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The most anti-pseudomonal of all the aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binds to 16 S rRNA in 30 S ribosomal subunit (prevents docking of amino-tRNA) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most active tetracycline especially against S. aureus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotics targeting bacterial ribosomes |
|
Definition
| Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Linezolid |
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|
Term
| Clinically used aminoglycosides |
|
Definition
| Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentmycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Netilmicin |
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|
Term
| Efficient uptake by active transport linked to oxidative phosphorylation; inhibited by anaerobic conditions and acidic pH |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycoside that is most susceptible to resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aminoglycoside that is least susceptible to resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline spectrum of activity: |
|
Definition
| notably atypicals: Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Treponema pallidum; also anti-plasmodial activity (malaria) |
|
|
Term
| Clinically used tetracyclines |
|
Definition
| tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, demeclocycline |
|
|
Term
| Human use of Tetracycline is restricted to: |
|
Definition
| Acne vulgaris, Lyme disease, Typhus, spotted fever, chemosuppression of malaria |
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline has a potential role in: |
|
Definition
| Anthrax (Bacilla anthracis), Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) |
|
|
Term
| Tetracycline deposition in bone and teeth |
|
Definition
| discoloration, growth retardation, contraindicated in pregnancy and children |
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|
Term
| Bind to 50 S subunit and inhibits translocation of aminoacyl-tRNA and A to P site |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Macrolides Spectrum of activity |
|
Definition
| gram positive aerobes, inactive against gram negative aerobes except Neisseria, Haemophilus, Bordetellla, Capylobacter, Legionella spp, Atypicals: Mycoplasma pneumonia, Rickettsia and Chlamydia spp. |
|
|
Term
| Clinically used macrolides |
|
Definition
| Erythromycin A, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin |
|
|
Term
| Erythromycin: formulated as esters of hydrophobic acids to decrease solubility |
|
Definition
| Ethylsuccinate, Estolate, Stearate |
|
|
Term
| only clinical agent of Lincosamides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lincosamides spectrum of activity |
|
Definition
| ananerobes and gram positive except enterococci; inactive against gram negative aerobes except H. influenza |
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|
Term
| Clindamycin: topical formulation for acne vulgaris +/- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin |
|
|
Term
| More active against gram positive and H. influenza; CYP3A4 inhibitors (EMA derivative) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| no significant CYP2A4 inhibition, long half-life (can be given once daily) (EMO derivative) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| strongly associated with hepatotoxicity (EMO derivative) |
|
Definition
| Telithromycin ("ketolide") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholestasis, jaundice, fever, pruritus, rash, hepatomegaly |
|
|
Term
| Potent stimulator of GI motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Useful in disseminated mycobacterium avium infection in AIDS patients |
|
Definition
| clarithromycin and azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anaerobic infections: intra-abdominal, pelvic, periodontal, diabetic foot; first antibiotic to be associated w/ pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile |
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|
Term
| Inhibits peptidyl transferase in 50 S subunit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Active only against gram positive species; important backup to vancomycin against VRE and MRSA, gram negative species intrinsically resistant due to active efflux |
|
|
Term
| Inhibits peptidyl transferase in 50 S subunit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chloramphenicol broad spectrum |
|
Definition
| many atypical, bactericidal to some strains by unknown mechanism; no longer used in humans |
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