Term
| what is the inguinal canal? |
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Definition
| The inguinal canal is a short (4cm) oblique passage directed inferomedially through the inferior part of the anterolateral abdominal wall. It lies parallel and superior to the inguinal ligament. Passing through it in the male is the spermatic cord and, in the female, the round ligament of the uterus. |
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Term
| where is the deep ring located? |
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Definition
| ring lies superior to the inguinal ligament, medial to the femoral artery and lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels |
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Term
| where is the superficial ring located? |
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Definition
| The superficial ring lies just superior to the pubic tubercle. |
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Term
| the round ligament in the female is homologous to which structure in males? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the deep inguinal ring |
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Definition
Beginning of inguinal canal
Located midway between the ASIS and the pubic symphysis
Beginning of a tubular evagination of the transversalis fascia (internal spermatic fascia) |
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Term
| describe the superficial inguinal ring |
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Definition
End of the inguinal canal
Superior to the pubic tubercle
Beginning of a tubular evagination of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle (external spermatic fascia) |
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Term
| what composes the floor, roof, and anterior and posterior walls of the inguinal canal? |
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Definition
Floor
medial ½ of the inguinal ligament and the lacunar ligament
Roof
formed by the arching fibers of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles on their way to form the conjoint tendon
Anterior wall
External oblique aponeurosis throughout the length of the canal and reinforced laterally by the internal oblique
Posterior wall
transversalis fascia which is reinforced medially by the conjoint tendon |
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Term
| as the testis descend, posterior to the peritoneum, what forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the coverings of the spermatic cord and which layer is added in which region |
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Definition
The spermatic cord takes on coverings or fascias that are continuous with layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall.
As it passes through deep inguinal ring, it takes on the internal spermatic fascia, which is derived from the transversalis fascia.
As it passes beneath the conjoint tendon, it takes on a layer from the internal oblique, the cremasteric fascia, which contains skeletal muscle.
As it passes through the superficial ring, it takes on a layer from the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, the external spermatic fascia. |
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Term
| what is the cremasteric reflex? |
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Definition
Cremasteric fascia is the middle covering of the spermatic cord.
Derived from the internal oblique muscle.
Innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1/L2).
Stroke upper medial thigh, which is innervated the ilioinguinal nerve (L1) and a reflex arc causes the cremasteric muscle to contract.
More active in children.
Can be used to test integrity of L1 spinal level |
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Term
| what nerve innervates the testis? |
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Definition
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Term
| testicular cancer metastasizes to what region? |
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Definition
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Term
| testicular sympathetic innervation is from which spinal cord segments? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does scrotal cancer travel to? |
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Definition
| superficial inguinal nodes |
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Term
| where do direct hernias occur? |
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Definition
| medial to the inferior epigastric vessels and occur within the inguinal or hesselbach's triangle |
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Term
| which type of hernias are most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe indirect hernias |
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Definition
Indirect hernias are most common.
They are 20 times more common in males.
They leave the abdominal cavity lateral
to the inferior epigastric vessels, through the deep inguinal ring. They are prone to strangulation |
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Term
| true or false: both direct and indirect hernias may protrude through the superficial ring. |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a femoral hernia? |
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Definition
Appears below the inguinal ligament.
Passes into the femoral canal into the medial of the thigh.
Acquired, not congenital.
Happen in middle-aged or older women predominantly |
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Term
| the deepest covering of the processus vaginalis is? |
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Definition
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Term
| the most superficial covering of the processus vaginalis is? |
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Definition
| the aponeurosis of the external oblique |
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Term
| the second covering of the processus vaginalis is what? |
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Definition
| formed by the musculature of the internal oblique |
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Term
| what completes the formation of the spermatic cord in men? |
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Definition
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Term
| which nerve passes through part of the inguinal canal? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the deepest layer of the spermatic cord? |
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Definition
| the internal spermatic fascia which arises from the transversalis fascia |
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Term
| what nerve passes through the inguinal canal with the spermatic cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| the conjoint tendon arises from which muscles? |
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Definition
internal oblique muscle
transversus abdominus |
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