Term
| Inflammation: Reaction to _______ tissue to injury. Recruitment of leukocytes in the blood to the site of injury in teh tissue. Serves to ___ the extent of injury and remove injury-causing agent and damaged cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Microglia-mediated inflammation in the brain |
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Definition
| Resident microglia in the brain tissue response to neuronal injury. This results in chronic inflammation found in parkinsons and alzheimers |
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Term
Rubor ( )
Tumor ( )
cator ( )
Dolor ( ) |
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Definition
| redness, swelling, heat, pain |
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Term
| Triggers to acute inflammation |
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Definition
| Infection agents, tissue damage, apoptosis |
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Term
| True/False: Acute inflammation speed is slow. Duration is weeks - months |
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Definition
| False; immediate, minutes to days |
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Term
| Mediators of vasodilation |
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Definition
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Term
| Mediators of permeability |
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Definition
| Bradykinin, histamine, leukotrienes |
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Term
| Difference between vasodilation and increase permeability |
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Definition
| Vasodilation starts in arterioles then venules which lead to opening of capillaries (causing heat and redness). Permeability causes retraction of endothelial cells in venules to form gaps for exudate. Exudate increases RBC, WBC, platelets, and clotting factors leading to slowed flow and blood clotting |
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Term
| Purposes of exudate and fluid outflow |
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Definition
| Deliver antibodies to neutralize microbes, deliver complement, dilute injurious agents, induce clotting |
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Term
| True/False: Immediate transient response in acute inflammation occur in arterioles, venules, and capillaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| Immediate sustained reponse in acute inflammation (direct damage to endothelium) involve what vessels? |
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Definition
| arterioles, venules, and capillaries. |
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Term
| T/F. Radiation (sunburn) is an example of delayed hemodynamic response. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Macrophages and neutrophils at injury site release chemoattractant factors into the bloodstream. |
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Definition
| False, macrophages and mast cells |
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Term
| Integrins and CAMs establish firm adhesion to endothelium for what granulocyte? |
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Definition
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Term
| Phagocytosis uses what target identifiers? |
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Definition
| PRR, PS receptor (TIM4) for apoptotic cells, c3b or Fc receptor |
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Term
| Two local manifestations of acute inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is abscess formation? |
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Definition
| fibroblast form a wall around the pus and encloses it |
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Term
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Definition
| local inflammation associated with damaged/necrotic epithelium (peptic ulcer) or damaged/necrotic vasculature |
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Term
| Causes of Chronic Inflammation |
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Definition
| Recurrent/progressive acute infl, inflammation failed to evoke an acute response, tissue injury, cell death, macrophage_lymphocyte infiltration compared to just neutrophil infiltration, fibroblast proliferation instead of exudate formation |
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Term
| Two causes that are nonspecific chronic causes of inflammation |
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Definition
| macrophage_lymphocyte infiltration compared to just neutrophil infiltration, fibroblast proliferation instead of exudate formation |
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Term
| Granulomatos Inflammation |
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Definition
| Infections caused by hard to digest suture, silica, asbestos. Leads to syphilis, deep fungal infections |
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Term
| Cytokines involved in acute phase response |
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Definition
| IL 1b, IL 6, TNFa which cause a series of changes impacting organs |
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Term
| True/False: During acute phase response, there's a decrease in liver production of CRP, SAA (serum amyloid protein, fibrinogen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to C polypeptide of pneumococci and tag them for phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Displaces apolipoprotein A in HDL to facilitate transfer of HDL from liver to macrophage for energy |
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Term
| What is used to convert fibrinogen to fibrin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alteration of WBCs during inflammation |
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Definition
inc 4k-10k to 15l-20k ul
inc release from bone marrow
Immature "band" neutrophils can show up in blood
Leukopenia (dec in #)
eosinphilia |
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Term
| In inflammation, does viruses increase neutrophils in blood or decrease? |
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Definition
| Viruses decrease, bacteria inc |
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Term
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Definition
make immune cells more efficient
inc. leukocyte mobility
inc t cell proliferation
impair virus replication
reduce Fe |
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Term
| What fever temperature induces brain damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| During Fever, IL 1b, IL 6, TNFa released from immune cells to stimulate PGE2. What does PGE2 do? |
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Definition
| Interacts with temperature control center in hypothalamus to increase heat generation through increase muscle tone and shivering. Decreases heat loss through vasoconstriction |
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Term
| Inflammation mediators are found the most in which tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Histamine is found in which cells? |
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Definition
| Mast cells, platelets, basophils (stored in granules and released during inflammation |
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Term
| Histamine receptor H1 causes what? |
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Definition
| bronchoconstriction; also causes induces synthesis of NO and PGI2 causing arteriole vasodilation and causing increased permeability |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased gastric acid secretion |
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Term
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Definition
| brain regulating neurotransmitter release |
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Term
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Definition
| in bone barrow regulating chemotaxis |
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Term
| Arachidonic Acid which is generated from membrane lipids, can be converted to what? |
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Definition
| Prostaglandin h2 (PGH2), PGI2 and leukotrienes |
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