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Definition
| organisms of natural flora |
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| Person that harbors a pathogenic organism in a commensal state |
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Definition
| Invasion of the body tissues leading to disease |
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| Distinct from bacterial infections- animal parasites such as worms |
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Definition
| Manifestations of the fight due to pathogenic organisms |
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Definition
| Relation between two different organisms in which both are benefitted |
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| Pathogens that attack persons with a compromised immune system |
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| Differences between a pathogen and a commensal (3) |
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Definition
1. pathogens can establish in areas devoid of commensal populations
2. pathogens possess inherent ability to cross barriers and evade host defenses
3. pathogenic characteristics are genetically encoded (virulence factors that differentiate pathogenic from non..genetically) |
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| innate immunity immediate time frame |
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Definition
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| early induced innate response early |
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Definition
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| adaptive immune response late: |
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Definition
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Definition
| antimicrobial peptides. part of the physical barriers of innate immune system. one of the first things the innate does is start producing these beta in skin and eyes/nose/oral cavity, alpha in gut and lungs |
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Definition
positive charged peptide so can pack in o the negative charged outside surface of bacterium and create a pore.
[image] |
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Term
| innate immunity human cells recognize conserved pathogenic features and trigger 2 types of innate immune responses _________ |
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Definition
Inflammatory responses
Phagocytosis by cells such as neutrophils and macrophages |
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Definition
| conserved pathogenic feature that the immune system recognizes as pathogen |
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Term
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Definition
| LPS binding protein (and CD14) binds LPS and THEN BINDS toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) cell signaling effects transcription of target genes blah blah to deal with this bad colonized bacteria with the LPS like when you get a cut infected |
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Term
| Completion of the complement cascade leads to formation of MAC, what does it do? |
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Definition
Membrane attack complex
creates pore in outer pathogen, (disrupts cell membrane and causes cell lysis) |
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Definition
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TLRs are abundant on the surface of...
act as an alarm system for which systems? |
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Definition
macrophages and neutrophils
epithelial cells lining the lung and gut
act as an alarm system for both the innate and adaptive immune systems |
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| Macrophages are _____lived cells abundant in areas where __________ |
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Definition
long lived
where infections are likely to occur
Macrophages are among the first cells to encounter invading microbes
Are phagocytic Cells, lots of TLRs on outside to recognize and attack quick |
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Term
Neutrophils are the most abundant _____ ______ cells, they are _____ lived.
Are they present in normal healthy tissues? |
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Definition
1. White blood cells
2. Short lived
3. Not present in normal healthy tissues-- signify there is some type of infection |
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Term
| Neutrophils are packed with antimicrobial peptides like 15%________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What other weaponry are in the armory of macrophages and neutrophils? |
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Definition
| NADPH oxidase complex that produces highly toxic oxygen derived compounds like superoxide, hypochlorite (HOCL, Bleach), H202, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide |
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Term
| How do these NADPH oxidase complexes and their topic compounds lead to cell death? |
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Definition
| Respiratory burst from increased oxygen consumption |
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Term
| Do macrophages survive respiratory burst? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do neutrophils survive respiratory burst? |
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Definition
NO, Usually Die :( Major component of pus in wounds
Neutrophils sense CpG tracts of pathogenic DNA (?? Bueller?) |
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Term
| viral fragments bind ______ that is targeted for destruction |
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Definition
ssRNA (mechanism is the basis of RNAi)
first humans have to detect darn which is an intermediate in the life cycle of many viruses and then cells degrade to short frags that can bind sRNA |
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Term
___ times at least more bacterial cells than human cells and
______-______diff species of bacteria in humans |
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Definition
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Term
Normal gut flora helps with _______ & _________
altering flora results in _______________ |
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Definition
1. digestion
2. immunity
3. results in disease |
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Term
| examples of DISEASE changes in gut microbiota associated with disease often involving lactobacillus (incr or deck depending), clostridium difficile, e coli, h pylori, bactericides, and much much more |
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Definition
| allergies, asthma, celiacs, gastric adenocarcinomas, (bacterial diversity in feces of autistic children compared to controls), obesity, Crohns, IBD in general, EVEN DIABETES (type2) |
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