Term
|
Definition
| ciliary defect, excess mucus, macrophage dysfunction, loss of cough reflex, pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
| 4 gross stages of lobar pneumonia |
|
Definition
| congestion, red hepatization, grey hepatization, resolution/fibrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of pleura creates adhesions -> friction rub |
|
|
Term
| lobar vs. lobular pneumonia: gross |
|
Definition
| lobar: dark, solid lung lobe; lobular: dry, granular, red/white/yellow spots (around bronchioles) |
|
|
Term
| lobar vs. lobular pneumonia: CXR |
|
Definition
| lobar: radioopaque consolidation of a lobe with clear margins; lobular: patchy, diffuse infiltrate without clear margins |
|
|
Term
| viral pneumonia: histology |
|
Definition
| pink hyaline membrane, interstitial inflammation, little exudate |
|
|
Term
| viral pneumonia: red spots in giant cells; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viral pneumonia: smudgy nucleus; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| viral pneumonia: "owl's eye"--dark nuclear inclusion with a clearing rim; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7 bugs that cause community acquired typical pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Strep pneumonia (most common), Klebsiella pneumonia, M. catarrhalis, Staph aureus, Legionella, Hib, Pseudomonas spp. |
|
|
Term
| Strep pneumoniae on a smear? |
|
Definition
| Gram+ diplococci inside neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for Strep pneumonia |
|
Definition
| functional or anatomical spleen deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Klebsiella pneumoniae on a smear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red currant jelly sputum -> bug? // rusty colored sputum -> bug? |
|
Definition
| red currant jelly -> Klebsiella // rusty colored -> Strep pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| Klebsiella pneumoniae risk factors |
|
Definition
| alcoholics, aspiration pneumonia, hospitalization, diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Klebsiella pneumoniae: gross |
|
Definition
| mucus strands hanging off of lung |
|
|
Term
| 2 bugs that cause vasculites |
|
Definition
| Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| smears for Hib, M. catarrhalis, Staph aureus, and Legionella |
|
Definition
| Hib: Gram- rod, M. catarrhalis: Gram- diplococci, Staph aureus: Gram+ grape clusters; Legionella: Gram- rod |
|
|
Term
| top 2 most common causes of pneumonia in COPD pts |
|
Definition
| 1. H. influenza 2. M. catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| 3 bacteria that cause community acquired atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumonia, Coxiella burnetti |
|
|
Term
| community acquired atypical pneumonia: clinical presentation |
|
Definition
| dry cough, walking pneumonia, <1% mortality |
|
|
Term
| community acquired atypical pneumonia: histology |
|
Definition
| little PMN, mostly mononuclear infiltrates, little exudate, interstitial inflammation, pink hyaline membranes |
|
|
Term
| community acquired atypical pneumonia: CXR |
|
Definition
| patchy, diffuse infiltrates |
|
|
Term
| common complication of community acquired atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smear of M. pneumoniae vs. C. pneumoniae vs. Coxiella burnetti |
|
Definition
| M. pneumoniae = extracellular; C. pneumoniae, Coxiella = intracellular |
|
|
Term
| 4 bugs that cause nosocomial pneumonia |
|
Definition
| Staph aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella |
|
|
Term
| Gram+ cocci that is 1) novobiocin sensitive or 2) novobiocin resistant |
|
Definition
| 1) Staph epidermis novobiocin sensitive 2) Staph saprophyticus novobiocin resistant [First Aid] |
|
|
Term
| Gram+ cocci that is 1) coagulase+ or 2) coagulase- |
|
Definition
| 1) Staph aureus coagulase+ 2) Staph epidermis coagulase- |
|
|
Term
| 2 bugs that cause lung abscesses |
|
Definition
| Klebsiella pneumonia, Staph aureus |
|
|
Term
| aspiration pneumonia: clinical presentation |
|
Definition
| foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, weight loss, cough; inflammation of right lobe > lower lobe (standing) or upper lobes (supine) |
|
|
Term
| aspiration pneumoniae: complications |
|
Definition
| lung abscesses, necrotizing pneumonia, empyema, hemorrhage, brain abscess, meningitis, secondary amyloidosis, septic embolism |
|
|
Term
| what gene whose polymorphism may affect TB diseae progression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| effects of IFN-g produced by Th1 cells in TB pathogenesis (3) |
|
Definition
| activate macrophages into epithelioid histiocytes, produce NO, induce phagolysosome fusion |
|
|
Term
| middle/lower lobe pneumonia, Ghon complex, lymphadenopathy, no bacteremia, no cavitations; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| middle/lower lobe pneumonia, Ghon complex, lymphadenopathy, diffuse seeding of other lung segments, bacteremia, no cavitations; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pleural effusions are found in what kind of TB? pleuritis? |
|
Definition
| progressive primary TB has pleural effusions; secondary TB has pleuritis |
|
|
Term
| galloping consumption; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of secondary TB (4) |
|
Definition
| Pott's disease, scrofula, Addison's, fungus ball from Aspergillus coinfection |
|
|
Term
| what organs does MAI target? |
|
Definition
| mononuclear system: lymph nodes, spleen, liver, lungs, GI |
|
|
Term
| Mississippi and Ohio R. valleys |
|
Definition
| Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis |
|
|
Term
| bird or bat droppings; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coin lesions on CXR; spreads to adrenals and meninges; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does Histoplasmosis enter macrophages? |
|
Definition
| HSP60 on fungus binds to beta-integrin on macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mexico, India, Africa, Canada, Middle East; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broad based buds with double contour wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| intracellular in giant cells; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| San Joaquin Valley fever; bug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of bacterial pneumonia in HIV pt (4) |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas, Mycobacteria, Listeria, Legionella |
|
|
Term
| causes of viral pneumonia in HIV pt (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of fungal pneumonia in HIV pt (5) |
|
Definition
| PCP, Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Mucormycosis |
|
|
Term
| encapsulated yeast, positive for mucicarmine stain (bright pink wall) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4>200 --> risk for which bugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4<200 --> risk for which bugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4<50 --> risk for which bugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mutations of HA and NA antigens allows host evasion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RNA recombination among different species strains creates a new strain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which influenza strain has ubiquitous tissue tropism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| <40yo, 60% mortality; most mortality in 10-19yo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| child with acute encephalitis but no respiratory symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| presentations vary: pulmonary, cutaneous, or disseminated; acute flu-like; CXR: upper lobe involvement; suppurative granulomas on biopsy; bug? |
|
Definition
|
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