Term
| There are 2 Susceptibility tests to detect anti invective agents: |
|
Definition
1-/ Microdilution method
2-/ Disc diffusion test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Minimum inhibitory conc. 18-24h(MIC); Minim. Bactericidal conc.
(reduce density by 99.9%); Breakpoint: minimum conc. related to activity considering PK, serum &tissue conc. at different doses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-infective-soakedfilter discs on agar plate; less accurate test |
|
|
Term
| Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Principles in antimicrobial therapy |
|
Definition
| -In vitro MIC’s : no information of pharmacokinetics in blood/tissues |
|
|
Term
| Important parameters of Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Principles in antimicrobial therapy : |
|
Definition
-Time non-protein bound drug exceeds MIC: T > MIC (e.g.
optimal penicillin T>MIC is 40-50%)
-Ratio between Peak Serum Concentration (Cmax) and MIC:
Cmax/MIC (e.g. optimal levofloxacin ratio is 10-12)
-Relationship between drug exposure, i.e., area under the
serum 24 h concentration-time curve (AUC24) and MIC:
-AUC24/MIC (e.g. optimal levofloxacin ratio for pneumonia is>40- 125) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inducible macrolide, lincosamide, and group B streptogramin resistance |
|
|
Term
| Factors affectingtissue penetration |
|
Definition
Concentration in blood
ii. Molecular size
iii. Protein binding
iv. Lipid solubility
v. Ionic charge
vi. Binding to exudate or tissue
vii. Presence or absence of inflammation and granulomas
viii. Active transport
ix. Pathways of excretion
b. Spectrum of antimicrobial activity
c. Patient status
i. Immune system function—Immune-compromised=bactericidal agent
ii. Presence of foreign body—Reduced effectiveness
iii. Age of patient—Possible changes in PK; altered ADME |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevent potential infections |
|
|
Term
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or ―sed rate‖) |
|
Definition
Laboratory test that indicates possible infection, acute or chronic, orother types of diseases, e.g. connective tissue diseases such as
arthritis |
|
|
Term
| There are 2 Susceptibility tests to detect anti invective agents: |
|
Definition
1-/ Microdilution method
2-/ Disc diffusion test |
|
|
