Term
| Which parasitic infxns cause diarr.hea in adults, worms or protozoa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common intestinal protozoan infection in the US? |
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Definition
| Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) |
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Term
| Which part of the life cycle of giardiasis is infective? How is it transmitted? |
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Definition
| Cysts. Ingestion of cysts in contaminated water, food, or fecal-oral route. |
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Term
| Can cysts of giardiasis survive in cold water? In chlorination? |
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Definition
| Yes for long periods and resist chlorination. |
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Term
| What part of the life cycle of giardiasis adheres to the mucosa of the small bowel? |
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Definition
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Term
| Along w/ N/V/D, would you expect there to be fever or blood in the stool w/ a giardiasis infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| LAb tests for giardiasis? |
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Definition
| Microscopy of stool w/ wet mount and trichome stain, IFA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the world is Entamoeba histolytica (amebiasis) more common? |
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Definition
| sub-tropical/tropical areas (not in US) |
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Term
| What part of the life cycle of amebiasis is infective? What part invades tissue? |
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Definition
| Cysts (trophozoites die outside the body). Trophozoites invade intestines and blood |
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Term
| Describe clinical presentation of amebiasis. |
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Definition
| Ranges from asymptomatic to mild diarrhea to dysentery w/ multiple bloody stools |
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Term
| What is a complication of amebiasis? What are the sx? |
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Definition
| Hepatic amebiasis. Fever, hepatomegaly, pain, RUQ tender |
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Term
| Should steroids be used to tx intestinal amebiasis? What disease does intestinal amebiasis often mimic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a diagnostic finding of extraintestinal amoebiasis? |
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Definition
| Trophozites w/ ingested RBCs |
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Term
| Diagnostic tests for amebiasis? |
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Definition
| wet mounts and iodine/trichrome stained stool and (+) ELISA |
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Term
| How would you differentiate b/t amoebic and pyrogenic abscess? |
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Definition
| image-guided needle aspiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Trophozoites - metronidazole or tinidazole. Cysts - Iodoquinol or Paromomycin |
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Term
| Tx for hepatic abscess d/t amebiasis? |
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Definition
| Metronidazole + Idoquinol OR Tinidazole + Chloroquine |
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Term
| What is the prophylactic tx for amebiasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the finding on gross pathology of liver abscess in amebiasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common worm infection in the US? |
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Definition
| Pinworms (enterobius vermiculares) |
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Term
| How are pinworms transmitted? |
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Definition
| contaminated bedding, clothes, etc. |
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Term
| What part of the life cycle of pinworms is infectious? |
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Definition
| eggs - deposit on perianal area, transfer to mouth (itchy ass/sucky thumb), hatch in small intestine and mature in colon |
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Term
| What are the sx of pinworm infection? |
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Definition
| usu. asymptomatic, can have perianal pruritus |
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Term
| What is the diagnostic test for pinworms? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Tx for pinworm infection? |
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Definition
| Mebendazole, wash everything, don't suck your thumb |
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Term
| Where is the world is hookworm infection common? |
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Definition
| sub-saharan Africa, SE Asia, India, Latin American, Caribbean, China (not US) |
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Term
| What is the source of hoowworms? How are they transmitted? |
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Definition
| Eggs hatch into larvae in soil contaminated w/ human feces. Larvae penetrate skin (usu. feet) |
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Term
| Once hookworm larvae penetrate the skin, where do they go? |
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Definition
| carried through veins to lungs, coughed up and swallowed. Mature into adults in sm. intestine |
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Term
| Clinical presentation of hookworm infection? |
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Definition
| usu. asymptomatic, ground itch on penetration site (pruritic, erythematous rash on feet), iron-def. anemia |
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Term
| What sx can be caused by hookworm infection? |
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Definition
| N/D, abd pain, poss pneumonitis in severe infection |
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Term
| Lab tests for hookworm infection? |
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Definition
| stool for ova and parasites, CBC (iron-def. anemia) |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the etiology of trichinosis? |
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Definition
| Trichinella spiralis (tissue roundworm) |
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|
Term
| Transmission of trichinosis to humans? |
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Definition
| Pork (eating larvae cysts) |
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Term
| Describe lifecycle in trichnosis. |
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Definition
| Larvae released from cyst - attach to mucosa in sm. intestine - dev. into adults in 4m - migrate to skeletal and cardiac mus. - encyst in tissue |
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Term
| If symptomatic, what are poss. sx of trichinosis? |
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Definition
| V/D, abd pain - fever, chemosis, subconj. hemorrhage - mus. pain, swelling, weakness |
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Term
| What is the definitive diagnostic test for trichinosis? |
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Definition
| muscle bx - coiled Trichinella larvae |
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Term
| Lab tests for trichinosis dx? |
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Definition
| CBC (leukocytosis), elevated CPK, ELISA (Ab to trichinella) |
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Term
| Tx for trichinosis? What is it effective/ineffective against? |
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Definition
| Albenazole. effective - intestinal, ineffective - mus. larvae |
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Term
| Where in the world is Taenia solium - cysticerosis (pork tapeworm) common? |
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Definition
| Mexico, Latin America, Philippines, SE Asia |
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Term
| Transmission of pork tapeworm? |
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Definition
| eating eggs from fecally contaminated food or larvae cysts from uncooked pork |
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Term
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Definition
| Adult worms dev. in the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| taenia solium larvae encysting in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| occur /p many yrs when larvae die causing inflammation. Seizures, chronic HA, hydrocephalus, and meningitis |
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Term
| What is the preferred diagnostic test for cysticerosis? |
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Definition
| CT head or MRI brain - look for cerebral edema, ring enhancing lesions |
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Term
| Finding in CSF in cysticerosis? |
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Definition
| lymphocytes, eosinophils, low GLUC, high protein |
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Term
| Tx of cysticerosis to kill living cysts? |
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Definition
| Albenadazole - may exac. sx as larvae die |
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Term
| Which parasitic infections can be food-borne? |
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Definition
| amebiasis, trichinosis, cysticerosis |
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Term
| Which roundworms target the intestines? Tissue? |
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Definition
| intestines - pinworms, hoowkworms. Tissue - trichinosis, cysticerosis |
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