Term
| Systemic signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| fever, chills, malaise, lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| Integumentary signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| purulent drainage, rash, red streaks, bleeding gums or joint space bleeding, erythema of joints with effusion |
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Term
| Cardiovascular signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| petechiae (small areas of hemorrhage), tachycardia/bradycardia, hypotension |
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Term
| CNS signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| altered mental state, headache, photophobia (sensitivity to light), memory loss, stiff neck, myalgia |
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Term
| GI signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| nausea, vomiting, diarrhea |
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Term
| Genitourinary signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| dysuria or flank pain, hematuria, oliguria (small urine output), urgency/frequency |
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Term
| Upper respiratory system signs of infectious disease |
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Definition
| cough, hoarseness, sore throat, nasal drainage, sputum production |
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Term
| Common causes of prolonged fever of 102 degrees F or lower |
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Definition
| atelectasis, phlebitis, dehydration, pulmonary emboli, pancreatitis, MI, malignancy, hepatitis, mono, TB |
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Term
| Common causes of prolonged fever of 104 degrees F or higher |
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Definition
| transfusion rxns, IV line sepsis, HIV infections, drug fever, lymphoma, heat stroke, urosepsis, metastatic cancer of liver or CNS |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of infection in the immune compromised |
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Definition
| tachypnea, confusion, hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
| local rxn due to penetration of statum corneum by microorganisms |
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Term
| Impact of aging on infectious disease |
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Definition
| lack fever and common signs and symptoms, change in mental status (confusion, lethargy), diminished cell mediated immunity with reactivation of dormant infections, influenza deaths common, skin atrophy, achlorhydria (less stomach acid produced), decreased couh and gag reflex and mucociliary activity, decreased hygiene, dexterity, mobility, and vision |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which an organism establishes a parasitic relationship with the host |
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Term
| Definition of transmission |
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Definition
| movement of organism from environment, vector, or another host to a new host |
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Term
| Definition of colonization |
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Definition
| the successful transmission, invasion and replication of the pathogen in the host with the development of clinically silent, asymptomatic or subclinical disease states |
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Term
| Definition of incubation period |
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Definition
| the variable time period from when the pathogen first enters the host until an evident disease state is reached |
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Term
| Definition of latent infection |
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Definition
| the microorganism has penetrated and replicated, but remains inactive in the host |
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Term
| Definition of the period of communicability |
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Definition
| the time when the organism is present in sufficient number to be shed and passed to others which may precede symptoms and continue through part or all of the clinical disease state and into convalescence (aka infectious period) |
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Term
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Definition
| individual capable of transmitting the disease to others without having symptoms of the disease themselves |
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Term
| Definition of communicable disease |
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Definition
| the pathogen may be passed or carried from one person to another directly or indirectly |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria lacking cell walls (have cell membranes instead), host cell dependent |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen to reservoir to portal of exit to mode of transmission to portal of entry to susceptible host |
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Term
| Characteristics of pathogens leading to disease |
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Definition
| infectivity, pathogenicity, virulence, toxigenicity, antigenicity |
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Term
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Definition
| environment where organisma can live and multiply at specific stages of the organisms' life cycle |
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Term
| Definition of portal of exit |
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Definition
| how the parasite leaves reservoirs usually corresponds to the site of entry into the host (ex. feces, fluids) |
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Term
| Types of modes of transmission |
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Definition
| contact, airborn, enteric, vector bourne (mosquitoes and WNV and fomites), nosocomial infections |
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Term
| Methods of portal of entry |
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Definition
| ingestion, inhalation, bites, contact with mucus membranes, percutaenous or transplacentally |
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Term
| Factors of host susceptibility |
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Definition
| age, sex, ethnicity, life styles, health and nutritional status, hormonal balance, presence of concurrent disease, integrity of host defense mechanisms and barriers |
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Term
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Definition
| skin (oil and sweat), mucus membranes, cilia, gag and cough reflex, peristalsis in GI tract, flushing action of tears, saliva, and mucus, pH of body fluids, normal flora |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammatory processes and local rxns, wall off/destroy/neutralize pathogens, can become chronic with destruction of healthy tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| immune response, specific response to specific antigen (antibody formation) |
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