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| common land was divided into indvidual farms |
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| cultivator, crop rotation, seed drill |
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| Change in labor force during the agricultural revolution? |
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| demand for workers decreases |
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| Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain? |
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| Right combination of resources needed for industrialization |
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What were the factors of production land, labor, capital? |
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Land- Coal, harbors, river (Tims) Labor- Labor Force Capital- money, machinary, investors |
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| What is the domestic system? |
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| quota- boss supplies materials |
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| What was the government doing for businesses? Were they interested? |
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| Wanted to protect businesses |
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| How did Britain make most of its money? |
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| What was the change from the domestic system to the factory system called? |
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| The Industrial Revolution |
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| When did the factory system begin to get big? (time period) |
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automatic machinary, ups production (major factor of IR) |
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| James Watt's invention ended need for rivers |
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| What were the five key breakthroughs of the revolution? |
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- domestic system -> factory system -mechanization -steam engine -Bessemer Process -mass production, division of labor, interchangeable parts, assembly lines |
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| How did the IR affect society? |
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-wages and workforce (women and children) -poverty growing fastest -middle class and poor sharply defined -mass production -rise of corporation : selling of stock -transportation and communication |
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| How did the IR spread through Europe? |
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| Why was IR successful in the US? |
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unity resources georgraphy wealth |
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| What was the order of of countries in 1870 |
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| Inventor: James Hargreaves |
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| Name five sources of Power |
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water steam engine internal combustion engine (Daimler, Diesel) iron coal |
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| Internal Combustion Engine |
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| workers and employers discussed problems |
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| Name four of the most common diseases |
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TB Pneumonia cholera typhoid |
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| progressive journalists of the early 20th century, exposed problems |
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"let them alone" the idea that the gov't should not interfere with or regulate industries Term coined by Adam Smith |
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| What did Adam Smith publish in 1776? What was it about? |
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| Wealth of Nations which describes a free market system |
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First Adam Smith Law Law of self interest |
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| people work for their own good |
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Second Law: Law of Competition |
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| competition forces people to make better products |
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Third Law Law of Supply and Demand |
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| enough goods produced at the lowest possible price to meet demands |
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What did Thomas Malthus write in 1798? What did it say? |
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An Essay of Principles of Population -said population was growing faster than the food supply |
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| Describe Ricardo's iron law of wages (remember to name book) |
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Definition
In Principles of Political Economy and texation, he believed that the poor would always be poor. "...that all attempts to improve the real income of workers were futile and that wages perforce remained near the subsistence level. |
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What economic philosophy was introduced by Jeremy Bentham What does it promote? |
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utilitarianism- people should judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of usefulness Promotes education, training |
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| Describe three ideas introduces by John Stuart Mill. |
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1- no deprived lives 2- equal division of profits 3- cooperative system of agriculture |
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| factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all |
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| Karl Marx: 5 stages of Economic life |
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primitive slave feudal capitilism communism |
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| What did Marx and Engles write in 1848? |
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The common manifesto appealed to workers of the world to revolt |
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| pasteurization- bacteria can cause disease |
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| proves radium emits energy |
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Albert Einstein What did the theory of relativity state? |
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| Speed of light is constant |
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Beethoven Tchaikovsky Chopin Schubert Dvorak |
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Goethe Sand Hugo- Hunchback Scott- Ivanhope |
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| Who painted liberty leading the people? |
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| introduced post-impressionism |
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