Term
| Immigrants to America prior to 1871 |
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Definition
Northern and Western Europe
(Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden) |
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Term
| Immigrants to America 1871 to 1921 |
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Definition
Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia
(Italy, Greece, Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia, China and Japan |
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Term
| Why immigrants come to America |
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Definition
| Freedom and better lives for their families |
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Term
| Contributions of immigrants to American industrial growth |
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Definition
Chinese workers helped to build the Transcontinental Railroad
Immigrants worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast and the clothing industry in New York
Slavs, Italians, and Poles worked in the coal mines of the East |
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Term
| Conditions for the immigrants |
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Definition
| often worked for low pay and in dangerous working conditions to help build the nations industrial strength |
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Term
| Port of entry for the immigrants from Europe |
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Definition
| Ellis Island in New York near the Statue of Liberty |
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Term
| How immigrants assismilated |
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Definition
| Worked hard to learn English, adopt American customs, and become American citizens |
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Term
| Institution that was essential to immigrants assimilation |
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Definition
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Term
| Why immigrants faced hardship and hostility |
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Definition
| fear and resentment that immigrants would take jobs for lower pay than American workers, and there was prejudice based on religious and cultural differences |
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Term
| Congress response to fear of immigrants |
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Definition
| passed law limiting immigration |
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Term
| Effects of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 |
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Definition
| laws cut off immigration to America for the next several decades, however, the immigrants of this period and their descendants continued to contribute immeasurably to American society |
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Term
| Reasons for American economic transformation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries |
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Definition
Laissez-faire capitalism, special consideration to railroad builders
Increasing supply of workers from immigration and migration from fars
America's possessiono f a wealth of natural resources and navigable rivers |
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Term
| Era of the American cowboy |
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Definition
| long cattle drives for hundreds of miles over unfenced open land in the West |
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Term
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Definition
| gave free public land in western territories to settlers who would live on and farm the land |
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Term
| What 2 particular groups move west after the Civil War |
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Definition
| Southerners and African Americans |
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Term
| How did new technologies like railroads and the mechanical reaper affect westward movement |
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Definition
| Opened new lands in the West for settlement and made farming more prosperous |
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Term
| Great Plains and Rocky Mountains by the turn of the century |
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Definition
| No longer mostly unsettled frontier but was fast becoming a region of farms, ranches, and towns |
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Term
| Cities that grew rapidly as manufacturing and transportation centers |
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Definition
| Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and New York |
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Term
| Result of rapid growth of cities |
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Definition
| housing shortages and the need for new public services such as sewage and water systems and public transportation |
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Term
| City that constructed the nation's first subway system |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the states that make up the continental United States were admitted to the Union |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| quick and cheap way of refining steel |
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| Started the assembly line |
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Definition
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Term
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Term
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Definition
"let it be"
government policy to leave business alone |
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Term
| Working conditions for labor |
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Definition
| dangerous, long hours, low wages, no job security or benefits, child labor, employment of women, company towns |
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Term
| founder of the American Federation of Labor |
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Definition
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Term
| founder of the American Railway Union |
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Definition
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Term
| Three violent strikes causing people to associate anarchism with labor unions |
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Definition
| Haymarket Square, Homestead, Pullman |
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Term
| Gains of the labor unions |
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Definition
| limited work hours and better working conditions |
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Term
| How race relations changed in the South after Reconstruction |
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Definition
| Laws were passed to limit African American freedoms. Jim Crow laws forced segregation of the races there was intimidation and crimes against African Americans in the form of lynchings. |
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Term
| African American response to "Jim Crow" |
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Definition
| looked to the courts to safeguard their rights |
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Term
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Definition
| Supreme Court ruled that separate but equal did not violate the 14th amendment which upheld the "Jim Crow" laws of the era |
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Term
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Definition
| during the late 19th and early 20th centuries African Americans began to migrate to northern cities in search of jobs to escape poverty and discrimination int he South |
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Term
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Definition
| led an anti-lynching crusade and called on the federal government to take action |
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Term
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Definition
| believed the way to equality was through vocational education and economic success; he accepted social separation |
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Term
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Definition
| believed that education was meaningless without political equality. supported political equality for African Americans by helping to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
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Term
| Causes of the Progressive Movement |
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Definition
| Income disparity, lavish lifestyles, the Age of the robber barons,and working conditions for labor |
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Term
| Goals of the Progressive Movement |
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Definition
government more controlled by the people
guaranteed economic opportunities through government regulation
elimination of social injustice |
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Term
| Progressive accomplishments in local governments |
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Definition
| new reforms to meet the needs of increasing urbanization like commissioners and council managers |
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Term
| Progressive accomplishments in state government |
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Definition
referendum - citizens can approve a law
initiative - citizens can petition for a law
recall - citizens can remove someone from political office |
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Term
| Progressive accomplishments in elections |
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Definition
primary elections
secret ballots
17th amendment |
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Term
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Definition
| direct election of U.S. Senators |
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Term
| Progressive accomplishments in child labor |
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Definition
| laws were passed protecting children |
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Term
| Programs used by the Progressive to reform the problems created by industrialization |
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Definition
| Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal and Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom |
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Term
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Definition
| law that prevented monopolies in industry, but it was weak |
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Term
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Definition
expanded the Sherman Anti-trust Act,
outlawed price fixing, and
clearly defined a monopoly |
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Term
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Definition
| gave women the right to vote |
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Term
| Women's Suffrage Movement |
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Definition
| forerunner of the modern protest movement which benefited from strong leadership like Susan B. Anthony. it encouraged women to enter the labor force during World War I and resulted in the passage of the 19th amendment |
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