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| Seasonal winds in the Indian ocean caused by the differences in temperature. Monsoons are often characterized by large perilous waves |
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| Early Indian sacred "knowledge". Long preserved and communicated orally by Brahman preists and eventually written down. Religious texts. |
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| Varna are the five major social divisions (caste system) Brahman (preists), Kshatriya (warriors and administators), Vaisya (merchants and farmers), Shudra (laborers), Untouchables |
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| Jati are the small regional groups within the caste system. |
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| In Indian tradition, the deeds performed in your past and present lives dictate the form you will assume in your next life cycle. These doctrines were created to encourage Indians to accept their position and do their job, in hopes for a better life next time. |
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| The Hindu concept of the spirit's liberation from the cycle of rebirth. |
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| a challenge to Hinduism that emphasized the holiness of the life force that animates all living creatures, practice of strict non-violence and asceticism. Did not grow well because members died off |
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| Biggest challenge of the old order, religion that offered an escape from the rigors and conformity of the caste system. |
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| A general term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity. Main religion |
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| An Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama who renounced his wealth and social postion affter becoming enlightened by the harsh realities of the world. Founder of Buddhism. This doctrine spread throughout the subcontinent |
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| Great Vehicle, the branch that spread throughout Central Asia and Japan and China as well as India. |
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| Way of the Elders, branch of Buddhism followed in Southeast Asia. Remains close to original principles |
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| The Upanishads are a collection of philosophical texts which form the theoretical basis for the Hindu religion |
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| Hindu concept of duty within your role |
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| The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. |
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| Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India. He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing |
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| A vast epic chronicling the events leading up to a cataclysmic battle between related kinship groups in early India |
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| A powerful Indian state based on the capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley. Controlled most of India through military force |
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| Sanskrit is a historical Indo-Aryan language, the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and a literary and scholarly language in Buddhism and Jainism |
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| Concept practiced particularly in Jainism meaning non-violence towards all living things. |
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| prospect of being reborn upon death into a different life |
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