Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the most famous carbonari, in 1831 Mazzini called for all Italian patriots to join his Young Italian movemnet, dedicated to spreading the ideas of the risorgimento. Mazzini insisted that "neither pope nor king," but rather a republic, should rule Italy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dedicated to spreading the ideas of the risorgimento. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| of Sardinia, this king was not especially sympathetic to the liberals, but he did want to expand Sardinian territory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| King Victor Emmanuel II's chief minister, was a rebublican and an Italian patriot. Cavour and the Sardinian parliment supported the goals of the liberals. as chief minister it was him who actually governed the kingdom of Sardinia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| french emperor, wanted to increase French influence. He thought that if the Austrians were driven fron Italy, France might be able to dominate the Italian states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a man devoted to Italian freedom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of aristocratic landowners, complained that tariffs were hurting sales of farm products. Joining with tradespeople, intellectuals, financers, and manufacturers, the Junkers campaigned for freer movement of goods. In 1818 they persuaded the king of Prussia to abolish tariffs within his territories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| customs union. By 1854 the Zollverein included most of the German states, but not Austria. The Zollverein made prices lower and more uniform. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1861 he became king of Prussia. The next year he appointed Otto von Bismark to head the Prussian cabinet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ended the Seven Week's War in 1866 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper house, was a federal council made up of 58 appointed members. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislative assembly, was the lower house, it consisted of almost 400 members elected by universal suffrage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German for "culture struggle", an anit-catholic program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German socialists banded together in 1869, the party grew quickly most of its members coming from the ranks of urban workers. by 1877 the SDP had elected 12 members to the Reichstag. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frederick's son became emperor in 1888. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| program forced non-Russian peoples in the Russian language, accept the Orthodox religion, and adopt russian customs in place of their traditional ones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the union of all Slavic peoples under Russian leadership. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became czar. although basically conservative and autocratic, Alexander paid attention to public opinion. He wanted responded, although cautiously, to the movement for freedom for all serfs. His actions were the first steps towards modernization for a country that had realized its backwardness with its defeat in the Crimean War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alexander II isuued this which frred the serfs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used terrorism--- bombings and assasination by politicals groups-- to try force the government |
|
|
Term
| Social Democratic Labor Party |
|
Definition
| modeled after the German's SDP in 1898... this group grew increasingly radical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| his title was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the treaty granted independence to Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro, were known together, declared war on the Ottoman Empire and won. |
|
|
