Term
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Definition
| scientific study of Earth |
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Term
| Most dangerous geological hazards |
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Definition
| earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and tsunamis |
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Definition
| Huge ocean waves, usually caused by displacement of the sea floor |
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Definition
| Hot, turbulent mixture of expanding gases and volcanic ash that flows rapidly down the side of a volcano, very deadly |
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Definition
| slurry of water and rock debris that flows down a stream channel, very dangerous from a volcanic eruption |
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Definition
| an arbitrarily isolated portion of the universe that can be analyzed to see how its components interrelate |
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Definition
| includes the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere |
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Definition
| the gases that envelop the earth |
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Definition
| the water on or near Earth's surface |
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Definition
| all the living or once-living material on Earth |
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Term
| Geosphere / solid Earth system |
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Definition
| the rock and other inorganic Earth material that make up the bulk of the planet |
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Definition
| most voluminous of Earth's three major concentric zone, solid rock |
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Definition
| thin outer layer of the Earth |
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Definition
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| crust and uppermost part of the mantle, relatively rigid and makes up the plates in the plate tectonic theory |
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Definition
| uppermost mantle underlying the lithosphere, soft |
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Definition
| forces generated inside the Earth that cause the deformation of rock as well as vertical and horizontal movements of portions of the Earth's crust |
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Definition
| regards the lithosphere as broken into plates that are in motion that move relative to one another along plate boundaries |
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Definition
| two plates that move apart from each other |
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Definition
| crests of submarine mountain ranges that usually coincide with divergent boundaries |
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Definition
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Definition
| rock that forms when magma solidifies |
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Definition
| runs along the crest of mid-oceanic ridges |
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Definition
| plates moves toward each other |
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Term
| Ocean-continent convergence |
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Definition
| the oceanicplate is overriden by the less dense continental plate |
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Term
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Definition
| plate bends beneath another during convergence; occurs with ocean-continent convergence and ocean-ocean convergence |
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Definition
| found where oceanic lithosphere bends and begins its descents |
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Term
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Definition
| rock that forms from high pressure that does not melt but changes state |
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Definition
| a type of convergence where two oceanic plates meet, and the less-dense plate is subducted; results in a volcanic island arc |
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Definition
| The result of ocean-ocean convergence, such as seen in Indonesia |
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Term
| Continent-continent convergence |
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Definition
| continental plates buckle and deform with huge vertical uplift and thickening as well as lateral shortening |
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Definition
| two plates slide horizontally past each other |
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Definition
| vertical movement of sections of Earth's crust to achieve balance |
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Definition
| moving water, ice, or wind loosens and removes material |
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Definition
| when materials are adjusted to the physical and chemical conditions of their environment so that they do not change or alter with time |
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Definition
| product of the breakdown of rock, loose material |
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Term
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Definition
| loose particles are cemented into this form of rock |
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Term
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Definition
| to cement loose particles into rock |
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