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| The US Bill of Rights does not apply to the state governments, only the federal government (dealt with eminent domain) |
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| The Double Jeopardy rule does apply to the states |
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| Upheld a Georgia sodomy law banning homosexual behavior |
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| Brown v. the Board of Education |
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| Separate but equal is not constitutional, dealt with segregation in schools. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. De jure racial segregation is a violation of the equal protection clause. |
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| Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy Railroad Co. v. The City of Chicago |
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| First court case to take an amendment from Bill of Rights and apply it to states. Involved compensation for eminent domain claims |
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| Criminal suspects have a right to counsel during interrogations under the Sixth Amendment |
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| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission |
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| First Amendment prevents the govn't from restricting independent political expenditures (donations to superpacs) by corporations and unions. |
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| Power to regulate interstate commerce was granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause. |
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| State courts are required under 14th amendment to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants who cannot afford it |
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| Court struck down a sodomy law, overturning Bowers v. Hardwick. Subsequently got rid of sodomy laws in 13 other states |
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| Outlawed public funding of private (Catholic) schools, because it violates the Establishment Clause of the 1st amendment. Created the Lemon Test for religious donations |
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1) Action must have secular legislative purpose
2) Must not have the primary effect of advancing or inhibiting religion
3) Must not result in excessive govn't entanglement with religion |
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| Evidence obtained through unreasonable search and siezure violates the 4th amendment and may not be used in state courts. |
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| States cannot tax the Federal Bank. Strengthened the Necessary and Proper Clause. Gave Congress Implied Powers, and ruled that the state cannot impede upon Federal power |
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| A defendant's testimony will only hold if the prosecution can prove he was informed of his rights to an attorney and his right of self-incrimination. The rights are named after the case |
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| New York Times Co. v. Sullivan |
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| Press reports about public figures can only be considered defamation and libel if there is proof of actual malice. |
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| New York Times Co. v. United States |
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| Protected freedom of the press from Nixon's attempt to block it. |
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| Created the precedence for selective incorporation, where federal rights are only applied to states on a case-by-case basis. Double Jeopardy does not Apply to the States. |
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| Mack and Printz v. United States |
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| Established unconstitutionality of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act |
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| R.A.V. v. City of St. Paul |
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| Involved hate speech and free speech clause. Court struck down an ordinance against cross burning. |
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| Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union |
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| Struck down anti-indecency provisions about the internet. First major ruling with regards to free speech on the internet. |
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| First interpretation of the 14th amendment. Protects privleges or immunities conferred to all citizens of the US, but not incident to citizenship of a state. |
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| Invalidated prohibitions on desecrating the American flag. Flag-burning is protected under the first amendment. |
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| United States v. Alfonso Lopez Jr. |
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| Sets limits to powers under the Commerce Clause. Limited the clause to not include the carrying of handguns. |
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| Burning a draft card can be prohibited. It is not protected under free speech, because it pertains to a government interest. |
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| West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette |
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| The free speech clause of the first amendment protects students from being forced to salute the American flag and say the pledge of allegiance. |
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