export more than import

sell more than buy

import more than export

buy more than sell

What were the 2 developments that transformed China's relationship

with the West?

1. China entered a period of decline

2. the Industrial Revolution created a need for expanded markets for European goods

addictive drug

--> large amounts of silver were flowing out of China in order to pay for the drug

What were the stipulations of the

Treaty of Nanjing?

1. gave up island of Hong Kong

2. indemnity-payment to British for losses

3. open 5 new ports to the British for trade

4. extraterritoriality-British citizens living in China are able to live under British law 

What gave countries equal access

to trade in China?

the Righteous Harmonious Fists

their goal was to drive out

foreigners from China

The Righteius Harmonious Fists

were also known as the

What was the

self-strengthening movement?

Because Japan had started to modernize

at the peace table the Japanese officials were dressed in western clothes and the Chinese in traditional robes

launched by emperor Guang Xu

new laws set out to modernize the civil service exams, streamline government, and encourage new industries

Why was the

Hundred Days of Reform a failure?

Conservatives were against it

the emperor was imprisoned by his aunt the empress Ci Xi

What did Japan do in order to make

China its protectorate? 

Japan issued the Twenty-one demands

China was too weak to resist

-->China was forced to give in to some of Japan's demands

a cultural and intellectual movement

led by students in China

What was the goal of the

May Fourth Movement?

WOMEN

to end traditional practices like

-arranged marriages

-footbinding

-the seclusion of women in the home

-->opened doors for women in education

and the economy 

the Russian Revolution showed how a strong, well-organized party could transform a nation

-the Soviet Union was also willing to train Chinese students & military officers to become the elite leaders of a communist revolution

What was the name of the

Nationalist Party in China?

Who was the leader of the

Communist Party in China?

Who did Mao seek support

from within China?

the epic retreat of the Communists who were fleeing the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) who were ordered to kill them

-6,000 mile march to northern China where they would set up a new base for the Communist Party

Why did Mao enforce strict discipline

during the Long March?

While Jiang Jieshi was trying to eliminate the Communist Party

what country invaded China?

What part of China did they invade?

Japan invaded China

they invaded Manchuria

after the city of Nanjing surrendered to Japan the Japanese killed and brutalized hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers and civilians 

the cruelty and destruction became known as the rape of Nanjing

the Guomindang (Nationalist Party)

the Communist Party

Japan

What effects did the

Great Depression have on Japan?

-trade suffered

-unemployment increased

-peasants were close to starvation

Another term for an

extreme nationalist in Japan is an

Why did Japan want to aquire

an empire in Asia?

Japan is a small island nation and lacked the natural resources needed to industrialize

-an empire in Asia would also provide an outlet for Japan's rapidly growing population

What Chinese province did

Japan attack first and why?

MANCHURIA

the region was rich in natural resources which were needed for industrialization

Japanese army officials set explosives and blew up tracks on a Japanese railroad line

-->claim that the Chinese committed the act

-->w/out consulting their own govt. the Japanese military attacks China in "self-defense"

When the League of Nations condemns Japan's aggression against China,

how does Japan react?

Japan withdraws from the

League of Nations

Why might a nation turn to military leaders and extreme nationalism

during a time of crisis?