Term
| 3 purposes of immune system |
|
Definition
1. defense against invading pathogens.
2. remove tissue debris and worn out cells from healing wounds and tissue repair.
3. identify and destroy mutant/abnormal/foreign cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| physical barriers like skin, mucus |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of physical barriers |
|
Definition
Mechanical: coughing, sneezing, tears, urine, exoskeleton
Chemical: antimicrobial secretions from skin, saliva, tears, milk. vaginal secretions. gastric acid and protease from stomach.
Biological barriers: commensal flora within genitourinary and gastro-intestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| physical barriers from digestive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| physical barriers from the reproductive tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| respiratory system barrier |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| typical avenues of pathogen entry to the body |
|
Definition
| skin breaks, eyes, digestive tract, respiratory system, reproductive tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural killer cells, inflammation, complementary system, barrier tissues and glans, symbiotic bacteria, interferon |
|
|
Term
| innate humoral and chemical barriers |
|
Definition
| inflammation and complementary system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| first response to infection, involving mast cells neutrophils and macrophges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
biochemical cascade that attacks foreign cells.
antibodies bind to foreign cells and mark them for destruction. recruit immune cells, increase vascular permeability, and marking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. interferon-defends against virus
2.natural killer cells-destroys virus infected and cancer cells
3.mast cells
4.basophils
5.eosinophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C5-C9 complement protiens that form a pore-like channel in the membrane of the target cell and leaks everything out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| released when a cell contracts a virus and binds to other cells. these cells then release enzymes that break down viral mRNA and inhibit protien synthesis so virus cant reproduce in new cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd line of defense, recognizes foreign cells |
|
|
Term
| two types of cells in adaptive immune system |
|
Definition
| b-lymphocytes and t-lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cytotoxic t-cells (destroy pathogens)
helper t-cells (mature b-cells and help t-cells)
mature in THYMUS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| remember pathogens and secrete antibodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| agglutination by antibodies |
|
Definition
| makes pathogens clump together so they are easier to destroy |
|
|
Term
| neutralization by antibodies |
|
Definition
| neutralizes toxins produced by pathogen |
|
|
Term
| opsonization by antibodies |
|
Definition
| enhances phagocytosis to destroy pathogen |
|
|
Term
| stimulation by antibodies |
|
Definition
| stimulates killer t-cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activates complement system to destroy pathogens by making pores in their plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unique molecule that triggers a specific immune response in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gamma globulin proteins used by the body to neutralize antigens |
|
|
Term
| principal function of B lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| make antibodies against antigens, Antigen Presenting Cells, eventually become memory cells |
|
|
Term
| b lymphocytes are produced in the |
|
Definition
| bone marrow, migrate to spleen to mature and differentiate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma b cells and memory b cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activated by helper t cells. produce large amounts of antibodies with enlarged ER, live only 5-6 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made from activated b cells, produce antibody at low rate for a long time so if it invades again it is quick to respond |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| y shaped molecules produced by b lymphocytes. classified according to "tail" properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selected clones differentiate into active plasma cells and dormant memory cells |
|
|
Term
| lymphocytes only respond to |
|
Definition
| antigens presented to them by Antigen Presenting Cells (b cells) or macrophages with MHC(major histocompatibility complex_ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane attack complex formed by C5-C9 protiens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leukocytes emigration from blood vessel |
|
|
