Term
| Name components of innate immunity |
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Definition
epithelial cells
phagocytes
NK cells
Complements |
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Term
| Name receptors and microbe parts recognized by the innate immunity |
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Definition
Lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin)
Terminal mannose residues on glycoproteins
double stranded RNA (virus)
Unmethylated CpG nucleotides (Bacteria) |
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Term
| Memory is a defining characteristic of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Epithelial cells secrete ______ that kill bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Epithelia contain ______ a type of T lymphocyte with ___ and ___ chains that recognize microbial _____. |
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Definition
Epithelia contain intraepithelial lymphocyte a type of T lymphocyte with α and δ chains that recognize microbial lipids
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Term
| WHat types of B cells are found in the peritoneal cavity? |
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Definition
| B1 cells, respond to microbes and microbial toxins that pass through the walls of the intestine |
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Term
| Name the cell that is first to respond to most infections, particularly bacterial and fungal. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 cytokins responsible for stimulating the endothelial cells to express P and E selectin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemokines, released by active macrophages and endothelial cells, stimulate a rapid increase in the affinity of the leukocyte _____ to their ligands on the endothelium. |
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Definition
| Chemokines, released by active macrophages and endothelial cells, stimulate a rapid increase in the affinity of the leukocyte Integrins to their ligands on the endothelium. |
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Term
| Integrins, a adhesion molecule, is so called because |
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Definition
| they integrate extrinsic signals in to cytoskeletal alterations. |
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Term
| TLR-2 is essentral for macrophage response to _____ |
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Definition
| TLR-2 is essentral for macrophage response to bacterial lypoglycans |
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Term
| TLR-4 is essentral for macrophage response to _____ |
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Definition
| TLR-4 is essentral for macrophage response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide ( endotoxin ) |
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Term
| TLR-5 is essentral for macrophage response to _____ |
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Definition
| TLR-5 is essentral for macrophage response to component of bacterial flagella called flagellin |
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Term
| TLR-9 is essentral for macrophage response to _____ |
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Definition
| TLR-9 is essentral for macrophage response to unmethylated CpG nucleotide ( bacteria) |
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Term
| TLR activate ____ which stimulates _____ |
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Definition
TLR activate NFκB which stimulates
Production of cytokins, enzymes, and other proteins involved in antimicrobial functions of activated phagocytes |
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Term
| Name receptors specifically expressed by Neurtophils and macrophages |
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Definition
N-formylmethionine-containing peptides
mannose receptor
integrins ( mainly MAC-1)
scavenger receptors
IFNγ - Macrophages |
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Term
| IFN γ is a powerful activator of |
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Definition
| microbicidal functions of phagocytes |
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Term
| What does phagocyte oxidase do? |
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Definition
| Convertes molecular oxygen into superoixde anion and free radicals |
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Term
| Nitric oxide synthase catalyzes the conversion of ___ to NO, a micobicidal substance |
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Definition
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Term
| In Chronic granulomatous disease, what is the cause of immunodeficiency ? |
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Definition
| Inherited deficiency of the phagocyte oxidase enzyme |
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Term
| What do NK cells recognize? |
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Definition
| host cells that have been altered by microbial infection |
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Term
| Name two NK cell inhibitory receptors |
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Definition
Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor
Receptor with protein CD94 and a lectin subunit NKG2 |
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Term
Both NK cell inhibitory receptors contain what?
How do they become activated? |
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Definition
immnoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs)
1. When receptors bind class I MHC molecues, they become phosphorylated on tyrosine residues.
2. The phosphorylated ITIMs bind and promotes the activation of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases.
3. Thses phosphatases remove phosphate gropus from the tyrosine residues of various signaling moelcules and thus block the activated of NK cells through activating receptors. |
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Term
| IL-12 is a cytokine produced by macrophages that stimulates the acitivity of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What triggers the alternate pathway? Classic pathway? Which is component of innate immunity? |
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Definition
Alternate triggered by microbial surfaces : Innate
Classic triggered by antibodies : Adaptive |
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Term
| What activates the lectin pathway? |
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Definition
| plasma protein, mannose binding lectin, binds to terminal mannose residues on the surface of glycoproteins of microbes. |
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Term
| Is the lectin pathway Innate or Adaptive? What does it activate |
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Definition
| It is innate, but activates the classic pathway |
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Term
TNF
Principle Cell Source:
Effects on
Endothelial Cells:
Neutrophils:
Hypothalmus:
Liver:
Muscle, Fat:
Many cell type: |
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Definition
TNF
Principle Cell Source: Macrophage, T cells
Effects on
Endothelial Cells: Activation (Inflm, coag)
Neutrophils: activation
Hypothalmus: Fever
Liver: Synthesis of acute phase proteins
Muscle, Fat: catabolism
Many cell type: apoptosis
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Term
IL-1
Principle Cell Source:
Effects on
Endothelial Cells:
Hypothalmus:
Liver:
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Definition
IL-1
Principle Cell Source: Macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells
Effects on
Endothelial Cells: Activation
Hypothalmus: Fever
Liver: Acute phase protiens
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Term
Chemokines
Principle Cell Source:
Effects on
Leukocytes:
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Definition
Chemokines
Principle Cell Source: Macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets
Effects on
Leukocytes: Chemotaxis, activation
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Term
IL-12
Principle Cell Source:
Effects on
NK cells and T cells:
T cells:
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Definition
IL-12
Principle Cell Source: Macrophages, dendritic cells
Effects on
NK cells and T cells: IFN-γ synthesis, increased cytolytic activity
T cells: T-helper 1 differentiation |
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Term
IL-y
Principle Cell Source:
Effects
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Definition
IL-y
Principle Cell Source: NK cells, T lymphocytes
Effects
Activation of macrophages
Sitmulation of Antibody responses |
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Term
Type I IFNs α and β
Principle Cell Source:
Effects
All cells:
NK cells:
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Definition
Type I IFNs α and β
Principle Cell Source type α: macrophages
Principle Cell Source type β: Fibroblasts
Effects
All cells: antiviral state, increased class I MHC expression
NK cells: activation
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Term
IL 10
Princple cell:
Effect on Macrophages:
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Definition
IL 10
Princple cell: macrophages, t-cells ( mainly Th2)
Effect on Macrophages: Inhibition of IL12 production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules
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Term
IL 6
Princple cell:
Effect on
Liver:
B cells:
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Definition
IL 6
Princple cell: Macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
Effect on
Liver: Synthesis of acute phase proteins
B cells: Proliferation of anitobdy producing cells
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Term
IL 15
Princple cell:
Effect on
NK cells:
B cells:
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Definition
IL 15
Princple cell: Macrophages
Effect on
NK cells: Proliferation
B cells: Proliferation
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Term
IL 8
Princple cell:
Effect on
NK cells:
T cells:
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Definition
IL 8
Princple cell: Macrophages
Effect on
NK cells: IFN-y synthesis
T cells: IFN-y synthesis
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Term
| High concentrations of TNF will cause |
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Definition
| thrombosis of blood and reduce blood pressure by a combination of reduced myocardial contractility and vascular dilation |
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Term
| What kind of bacteria lead to septic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is septic shock characterized by? |
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Definition
low BP
DIC
metabolic disturbances |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma mannose binding lectin recognizes microbial _____ and actiavte the ____ pathway |
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Definition
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Term
| Surfactants in the lung belong to the ____ family |
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Definition
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Term
| CRP bind to _______ on microbes and cause phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute phase response to infection is characterized by the rise of what? |
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Definition
| plasma proteins involved in innate immunity |
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Term
To activate T and B lymphocytes you need 2 signals
signal 1:
Signal 2: |
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Definition
Signal 1: antigen
Signal 2: microbes, innate immune response |
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Term
| In vaccinations, what is administered to substitute the "signal 2" |
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Definition
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Term
| Dendritic cells produce ___ and ___ that stimulates T cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood borne microbes activate the alternate pathway by B cell binding to the microbes and recognizing _____ bound to it |
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Definition
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Term
| Listeria monocytogenes produce a protein that enables it to |
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Definition
| escape phagocytic vesicles and enter the cytoplasm of infected cells |
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Term
Name bacteria
Capsulr polysaccharide inhibits phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
Name organisim
Production of catalase, which breaks down reactive oxygen intermediate |
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Definition
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Term
Name organisim
sialic acid expression inhibits C3 and C5 converatases |
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Definition
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Term
Name organism:
M protein block C3 binding to organism and C3b binding to complement receptors |
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Definition
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Term
Name orgranism:
Synthesis of nodified LPS that resists action of peptide antibiotics |
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Definition
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