Term
| TSS case: how did she get infected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TSS case: what was she infected with |
|
Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep.) |
|
|
Term
| TSS case: how long until serious symptoms appeared and what were they |
|
Definition
| 12 days: unconsciousness and skin necrosis |
|
|
Term
| TSS case: started with what presumed condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin C (SPEC) |
|
|
Term
| TSS case: antibiotics given |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TSS case: SPEC neutralizer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TSS case: SPE's are pro-inflammatory, so why wasn't that obvious with this case |
|
Definition
| Anti-inflammation from TNF and chickenpox |
|
|
Term
| Normal flora eliminated how |
|
Definition
| Innate: alternative complement |
|
|
Term
| #1 cause of bloodsteram infections |
|
Definition
| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
|
|
Term
| Effectors of humoral immunity that are antigen specific |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effectors of humoral immunity that are not antigen specific |
|
Definition
| Acute: PMN's & complement; Chronic: macrophages & complement |
|
|
Term
| Effectors of cellular immunity that are antigen specific |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effectors of cellular immunity that are not antigen specific |
|
Definition
| Macrophages and IFN-γ from T cells |
|
|
Term
| Generally, what neutralizes exotoxins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally, what kills fungi |
|
Definition
| CD4 T-activated macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Generally, what kills protozoa |
|
Definition
| CD4 T-activated macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Generally, what kills Listeria monocytogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is vaccination of exotoxins normally necessary |
|
Definition
| Too potent/toxic to stimulate immune response |
|
|
Term
| Name for vaccines for exotoxins that are biologically inactive but are immunogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are some with TSS still susceptible to illness even upon recovery |
|
Definition
| Staph. aureus & Strep. pyogenes target the immune system and prevent antibody responses |
|
|
Term
| How do superantigens work |
|
Definition
| Decrease specificity of MHC-TCR → some 50% of all T cells activated |
|
|
Term
| Cytokine released due to superantigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pool of antibodies from thousands of volunteers |
|
|
Term
| IV IG useful for what (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Kawasaki, 2) Strep TSS, 3) Staph TSS, 4) Hep A, 5) anthrax |
|
|
Term
| Extracellular bacteria (3 highlighted in lecture) |
|
Definition
| 1) Gram + & - cocci, 2) Haemophilus, 3) Bordetella |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular bacteria (4 highlighted in lecture) |
|
Definition
| 1) Mycobacterium, 2) Salmonella, 3) Brucella, 4) Listeria |
|
|
Term
| =-itis to describe which infections |
|
Definition
| Extracellular killed by opsonization |
|
|
Term
| =-osis to describe which infections |
|
Definition
| Extracellular not killed by opsonization |
|
|
Term
| Which usually have granulomas: itis or osis infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fuse to form a granuloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Ig peaks at day 4-5 after novel infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Ig peaks at day 10-15 after novel infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes this IgG response |
|
Definition
| Memory/Vaccinated response to the pathogen |
|
|
Term
| Most effective vaccines stimulate what type of response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Opsonization-induced vaccines (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) DTaP, 2) H. influenzae type b, 3) N. meningitiid A/C/Y/W135, 4) Strep. pneumoniae, 5) Salk polio, 6) Hep A & B |
|
|
Term
| Strep vaccine is multivarient and covers __ of the __ varients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of adjuvent actions (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Precipitous, 2) irritant [to keep vaccine around longer] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Choleragenoid vaccine is __ [short- or long-lived] because |
|
Definition
| Short lived because mucosal antibody-based immunity is short lived [3-6 months] |
|
|
Term
| Types of vaccines discussed (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Toxoid, 2) capsule, 3) conjugate, 4) attenuated |
|
|
Term
| MMR: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H. influenzae type b: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DTaP: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salmonella typhi: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| BCG: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sabin oral polio: what type of vaccine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Problems of immunization with attenuated pathogens in non-immunocompromised people (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Viral shedding [Sabin oral polio], 2) immune enhancement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaccinating against intracellular pathogens puts them right where they *WANT* to live: inside PMN's |
|
|
Term
| Why are toxoid vaccines not given very frequently |
|
Definition
| Isotype switching to IgE leads to anaphylactic response & decreased immunization |
|
|
Term
| Why aren't diphtheria vaccinations necessary in adults |
|
Definition
| Adults (20+) natively respond better |
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: <30 minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: 3-9 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Types of hypersentivity reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity: mediated by what cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity: which immunoglobins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity: examples (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Skin urticaria, 2) anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity: inflammatory mediators (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Histamine, 2) prostaglandins, 3) leukotrienes |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity: mediated by what |
|
Definition
| Killer T cells and complement |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity: aka |
|
Definition
| Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity: examples (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Hemolytic anemia, 2) transfusion reactions, 3) vitiligo |
|
|
Term
| Type 2 hypersensitivity: which immunoglobins |
|
Definition
| IgG [Schlievert includes IgM] |
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity: which immunoglobins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity: mediated by what cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity: examples (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Systemic lupus erythematosus, 2) dermatomyositis, 3) infective endocarditis, 4) Arthus reaction, 5) serum sickness, 6) farmer's lung, 7) AGN [4-7 added by Schlievert] |
|
|
Term
| Type 3 hypersensitivity: aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity: aka |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity: mediated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity: tissue injury maximal at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity: examples (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Allergic contact dermatitis, 2) leprosy, 3) tuberculosis, 4) tuberculin, 5) graft vs. host disease |
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity: amplification by |
|
Definition
| Activated T cells releasing cytokines |
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: 12-48 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exaggerated immune response that leads to damage to the host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigen that sitmulates hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: monthly recurring rash with nausea & vomiting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: Rh incompatibility & fetal disress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity: -osis diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Routes of encourntering allergens |
|
Definition
| Locally (inhalation or food) or systemically |
|
|
Term
| Dx of the circled regions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergens are presented on which T cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cytokine involved in type 1 hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of IL-4 in type 1 hypersensitivity (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Differentiation of T cells to Th2, 2) isotype switch to IgE |
|
|
Term
| Signal transduction steps for histamine release in mast cells |
|
Definition
| Phospholipase C → (PIP2 → IP3 + DAG); IP3 → ↑[Ca]i → PKC → exocytosis of histamine granules [pathways aren't specifically important but have the idea] |
|
|
Term
| Signal transduction steps for leukotriene & prostaglandin production |
|
Definition
| Phospholipase C → (PIP2 → IP3 + DAG); Ca + MAPK → phospholipase A2 → synthesis of leukotrienes & prostaglandins [pathways aren't specifically important but have the idea] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Edema, 2) smooth muscle constriction, 3) hives, 4) rhinitis, 5) itchiness |
|
|
Term
| Long acting stimulator of bronchial constriction leading to asthma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mediators in type 1 hypersensitivity (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Histamine, 2) leukotrienes (etc.), 3) heparin, 4) CC chemokines, 5) eotaxins |
|
|
Term
| Role of eosinophiles in type 1 hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Degrade histamine, leukotrienes, and others |
|
|
Term
| Kinds of type 1 hypersensitivity (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) Allergic rhinits, 2) allergic conjunctivits, 3) atopic dermatitis, 4) allergic asthma, 5) anaphylactic shock, 6) food allergies |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for food allergens (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Immature immune sys, 2) early solid foods, 3) hereditary increased permeability, 4) IgA deficiency, 5) inadequate gut flora challenge |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity treatment: anaphylactic shock |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity treatment: non-asthma types |
|
Definition
| Antihistamines, corticosteroids, pimecrolimus |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 hypersensitivity treatment: asthma |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, β-agonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low dose antigen over long time → induce IgG; or anti-IgE antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Concern if a pregnant woman is Rh- |
|
Definition
| If husband is Rh+ then baby could be Rh+ |
|
|
Term
| Rh factor has what inheritance pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rh- mother, Rh+ father: which Rh+ fetus would you be worried about |
|
Definition
| The second one [assuming mother was exposed to Rh+ with the first one] |
|
|
Term
| Possible treatment given to Rh- pregnant woman with an Rh+ fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Possible treatment given to Rh- pregnant woman with an Rh- fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result if Rh- pregnant woman makes Rh+ antibodies |
|
Definition
| Hemolytic disease of the newborn [not in the lecture, but good (& easy) to know] |
|
|
Term
| Type of vaccine that is RhoGAM |
|
Definition
| Passive immunity by giving anti-D IgG antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Key cytokines in type 2 hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steps if given the wron ABO blood |
|
Definition
| Transfusion → Igm binds to RBC's → complement fixed → opsonization |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take a unit of mis-matched blood to be destroyed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transfusion reaction effects (4) |
|
Definition
| 1) Fever, 2) kidney damage, 3) hypotension (shock), 4) DIC |
|
|
Term
| How could you monitor hemolysis of fetus' RBC's in utero |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result 2 days after spilling M 49 group A strep on your skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result 12 days after spilling M 49 group A strep on your skin |
|
Definition
| Lower back pain, proteinuria, hematuria, impaired kidney Fx, hypertension, edema |
|
|
Term
| 2 weeks after spilling M 49 group A strep on your skin, should IgG to DNase B be: elevated or nor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 weeks after spilling M 49 group A strep on your skin, should complement factors be: elevated or nor |
|
Definition
| Greatly reduced because they have been consumed |
|
|
Term
| After spilling M 49 group A strep on your skin, where/what is the hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-strep acute glomerulonephritis caused by |
|
Definition
| Precipitation of antigen by complement in kidneys, PMNs & macrophages cause damage to the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ag-Ab complexes w/ complement → edema & necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Horse antibodies, causes fever/aches/erythema nodosum 7-15 days later |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic exposure to moldy hay (Aspergillus) |
|
|
Term
| Possible chronic result from farmer's lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low M types of strep cause: pharyngitis or impetigo |
|
Definition
| Pharyngitis [don't have to know now, but you will in PID] |
|
|
Term
| High M types of strep cause: pharyngitis or impetigo |
|
Definition
| Impetigo [don't have to know now, but you will in PID] |
|
|
Term
| M12 types of strep cause: pharyngitis or impetigo |
|
Definition
| Both [don't have to know now, but you will in PID] |
|
|
Term
| __% of M49 strep cases develop kidney involvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute glomerulonephritis cause |
|
Definition
| M49 strep → IgG precipitates in glomerulus → damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Butterfly-shaped ash on face, 2) arthritis, 3) fatigue, 4) sunlight sensitivity, 5) skin lesions, and way more [my pick of the list so make your own assessment] |
|
|
Term
| SLE treated with corticosteroids can develop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organs are always involved in SLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Systemic lupus erythematosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How/why are DNA antibodies made in SLE |
|
Definition
| Fragile cells release DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antinuclear antibody panel [also blood tests, urinalysis, kidney Fx tests, etc.] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Corticosteroids, 2) NSAIDs, 3) antimalarials, 4) immune suppressants, 5) avoid sun |
|
|
Term
| RA affects what part of what kind of joints |
|
Definition
| Synovium of synovial joints |
|
|
Term
| Testable factor indicative of RA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is almost always included in RA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RA joint inflammation includes |
|
Definition
| Stiffness, rubor/tumor/dolor/calor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD: monoclonal Ab's), 2) glucocorticoids, 3) NSAID, 4) analgesics |
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity results from |
|
Definition
| Damaging side-effects of cell-mediated immunity |
|
|
Term
| __ T cells activate macrophages through __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe poison ivy treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is poison ivy atopic: yes or no |
|
Definition
| No, that's only type 1 hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-tuberculosis, Mantoix test would be: positive or negative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis can grow in what pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ring on the right |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tubercule with caseating necrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tiny speckles |
|
Definition
| Millet seed granulomas of liver due to TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Granuloma due to Leishmania |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chronic schistosomiasis with intestinal and liver granulomas |
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity depends on what cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 4 hypersensitivity of the skin requires what from keratinocytes |
|
Definition
| Secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purified protein derivative (PPD) under skin that measures Th1 memory & macrophage activation |
|
|
Term
| Mantoux test of a person with active TB |
|
Definition
| Positive [expected] or negative [overwhelmed immune system] |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for pulmonary TB |
|
Definition
| 1) Inhalation of 50+ bacteria, 2) spread systemically, 3) B cell immunity fails, 4) return to lungs, 5) Th1 & macrophage activation |
|
|
Term
| __% of people develop an autoimmune disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune usually develops from which hypersensitivty types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Result 3 days after strep infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes of sunburn-like rash (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Strep scarlet fever or TSS, 2) Staph TSS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superantigen involved in M18 group A strep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) OCD, 2) carditis, 3) arthritis, 4) Sydenham's chorea, 5) rheumatic fever, 6) pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Azithromycin and anti-inflammatories for other symptoms (joints, carditis, CNS damage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Possible result from strep-induced carditis having mitral valve stenosis |
|
|
Term
| Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incidence of Grave's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Incidence of Crohn's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is tolerance broken in SLE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is tolerance broken in MS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is tolerance broken in sympathetic ophthalmia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reactive protein in the strep we've learned about |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shigella, Chlamydia, & Klebsiella cause self-reactivity toward what |
|
Definition
| HLA B27 in Reiter's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Anti-idiotype examples (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Grave's, 2) myasthenia gravis, 3) type 1 DM |
|
|
Term
| Anti-idiotype antibodies react with what receptor in Grave's disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anti-idiotype antibodies react with what receptor in myasthenia gravis |
|
Definition
| Nicotinic ACh → loss of nerve function |
|
|
Term
| Genetic predisposition found in 90% of Reiter's syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic predisposition found in 90% of ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic predisposition found in multiple sclerosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic predisposition found in type 1 DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Always includes the kidneys |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Antigens of the heart (low M types) |
|
Definition
| Rheumatic fever caused by strep |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: IgM anti-IgG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets nerve antigens that leads to paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: HLA-B27 predisposition (2) |
|
Definition
| Anklyosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Arthritis involving the spine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Arthritis, urethritis, conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets skin antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets skin antigen with group A srep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets RBC antigens |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets platelet antigens |
|
Definition
| Immune thrombocytopenic prupura |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets β cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets T3/T4 hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets TSH receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Results in hypothyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Results in hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets gut microbes |
|
Definition
| Inflammatory bowel disease: Chrohn's & ulcerative colitis |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Targets nicotonic ACh receptor (muscle weakness) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to treat autoimmune diseases (generally) |
|
Definition
| Relieve symptoms and preserve organ function |
|
|
Term
| How to treat autoimmune diseases (pharmacologically) |
|
Definition
| Cytotoxic drugs, corticosteroids, antibodies against immune effectors |
|
|
Term
| Double lung transplant: peri-transplant therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Double lung transplant: post-transplant therapy (3) |
|
Definition
| 1) Tacrolimus [inhibits IL-2 synthesis], 2) mycophenolate mofetil [inhibits purine synthesis], 3) methyl prednisolone |
|
|
Term
| Double lung transplant: future potential problems (2) |
|
Definition
| 1) Infections, 2) rejection |
|
|
Term
| Graft from and to the same person |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Graft between identical twins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Graft between different people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is least severe of a mismatch: MHC I or II |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute rejection takes __ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does matching MHC I and II guarantee caompatibility: yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Second allograft of the same mismatch results in immediate loss of graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which T cells recognize MHC II mismatch on allografts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which T cells recognize MHC I mismatch on allografts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Knowing which MHC mismatch is more severe, which cells are the principal effectors of rejection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genes represent MHC I: HLA-A/B/C or HLA-DP/DQ/DR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genes represent MHC II: HLA-A/B/C or HLA-DP/DQ/DR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pharmacological intervention to prevent rejection (6) |
|
Definition
| 1) Cyclosprine A, 2) tacrolimus, 3) rapamycin, 4) steroids, 5) cyclophosphamide, 6) azathioprine |
|
|
Term
| Cyclosporine A & Tacrolimus do what |
|
Definition
| Inhibit lymphokine production by T cells (no NFAT production) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits lymphokine receptor signal transduction (loss of IL-2 reception) |
|
|
Term
| Cyclophosphamide does what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purine analog that inhibits DNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Graft vs. host disease resembles what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does acute GVHD take to appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does acute GVHD appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does chronic GVHD take to appear |
|
Definition
| During or after third month |
|
|
Term
| Can too much sun trigger GVHD: yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of chronic GVHD (5) |
|
Definition
| 1) Skin rash/color/texture, 2) mucous membrane irritation, 3) GI problems, 4) joint problems, 5) cachexia [lots of them, that's my summary] |
|
|
Term
| Phases of immune surveillance (3) |
|
Definition
| Elimination, equilibrium, escape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enteric rods: gram + or - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H. influenzae: gram + or - |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Round bacteria: cocci or bacilli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rod bacteria: cocci or bacilli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Encapsulated extracellular bacteria (3) |
|
Definition
| Pneumococci, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular bacteria (3) |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella, Listeria |
|
|
Term
| What lives here: lower respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lives here: GU tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lives here: synovial joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lives here: skin & hair follicles (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lives here: oral cavity (7) |
|
Definition
| Anaerobes, microaerophilic strep, group A strep, pneumococci, H. influenzae, N. meningitidis |
|
|
Term
| What lives here: GI tract (3) |
|
Definition
| Gram - rods, anaerobes, microaerophilic strep |
|
|
Term
| What lives here: vaginal vestibule (2) |
|
Definition
| Lactobacilli, gram - rods |
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: staph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: strep (3) |
|
Definition
| Skin & hair follicles, oral cavity, GI tract |
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: anaerobes (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: group A strep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: pneumococci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: H. influenzae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: N. meningitidis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: Lactobacilli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does it live: Gram - rods (2) |
|
Definition
| GI tract, vaginal vestibule |
|
|
Term
| The more immune impaired, the __ [less or more] virulent an organism must be to cause infection |
|
Definition
| More impaired, the less virulent |
|
|
Term
| Which is more virulent: PCP or tuberculosis |
|
Definition
| PCP [Pneumocystis pneumonia] |
|
|
Term
| Which is more virulent: PCP or herpes |
|
Definition
| PCP [Pneumocystis pneumonia] |
|
|
Term
| Which is more virulent: Herpes or cytomegalovirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suggestions of immunodeficiency (6) |
|
Definition
| 1-5) Unusual frequency, severity, duration, complications, organisms, 6) syndrome complexes |
|
|
Term
| How long are newborns immunodeficient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In utero, only which Ig is made |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In utero, where is IgG from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is carbohydrate IgG made |
|
Definition
| No time marked on his graph, but 2 years or so [recall T-independent deficiency] |
|
|
Term
| Can pregnancy be considered a state of immunodeficiency: yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which does not have CD4 response: MHC I or II mismatch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eventually, how does an MHC I mismatch graft become immunogenic |
|
Definition
| Any future CD4 reaction will release IL-2 that activates CD8 against the graft |
|
|
Term
| Which does not have CD8 response: MHC I or II mismatch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eventually, how does an MHC II mismatch graft become immunogenic |
|
Definition
| Likely some other minor mismatch that elicits immunogenicity |
|
|
Term
| Which phase are tumor cells making "foreign" antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phase are tumor cells picking up more mutations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which phase are tumor cells become invasive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One way tumors stave off the immune system |
|
Definition
| They make immunosuppressive molecules |
|
|
Term
| Role of monoclonal antibodies in controlling tumors |
|
Definition
| 1) Down-regulation of receptors, 2) apoptosis, 3) immunotoxins |
|
|
Term
| Herceptin: receptor, apoptosis, immunotoxin |
|
Definition
| Down-regulation of HER-2/neu receptor in breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| Rituximab: receptor, apoptosis, immunotoxin |
|
Definition
| B cell apoptosis in non-Hodgkins B cell lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Ricin A chain: receptor, apoptosis, immunotoxin |
|
Definition
| Immunotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Pseudomonas exotoxin A: receptor, apoptosis, immunotoxin |
|
Definition
| Immunotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
| Adriamycin: receptor, apoptosis, immunotoxin |
|
Definition
| Immunotoxin that intercalates DNA |
|
|
Term
| Can superantigens be used as agents to stimulate the immune system |
|
Definition
| Maybe, not successful yet (too strong) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blocks lymphocyte trafficking out of lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| How is IFN-β used with multiple sclerosis |
|
Definition
| Limits production of IL-1 |
|
|
