Term
| 4 innate immune defensive barriers-- |
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Definition
anatomic
physiologic
phagocytic and endocytic
inflammatory |
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Term
| inflammatory innate immune response involves vascular fluid _ at site of tissue damage |
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Definition
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Term
| sebum contains (2) which function to _ _ of skin to inhibit organism growth |
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Definition
lactic acid
fatty acids
reduce pH |
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Term
| 5 physiologic barriers that are part of innate immunity |
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Definition
lysozyme
elevated body temperature
complement
interferons alpha and beta
low stomach pH |
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Term
| interferons alpha and beta are natural _ of _ _ |
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Definition
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Term
| complement damages pathogens _ |
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Definition
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Term
| heat at inflammatory site is due to (3) |
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Definition
vasodilation
increased blood flow
chemical mediators --> fever |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cells enter area of damage and release further _ factors, leading to (4) |
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Definition
chemotactic
chemotaxis
activation
margination
diapedesis |
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Term
| local chemical mediators of inflammation include two categories |
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Definition
preformed mediators in secretory granules
newly synthesized mediators |
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Term
| preformed inflammatory mediators in secretory granules include (3) |
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Definition
histamine
serotonin
lysosomal enzymes |
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Term
| newly synthesized inflammatory mediators include (6) |
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Definition
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
PAFs
activated oxygen species
NO
cytokines |
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Term
| systemic inflammatory mediators include (2) |
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Definition
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Term
| blood clotting factor XII is aka _ and is activated how? |
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Definition
hageman factor
contact with tissue surfaces |
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Term
| activated hageman factor generates _ & _ which both activate _ _ |
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Definition
plasmin
kallikrein
complement cascade |
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Term
| _ & _ activate the complement cascade |
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Definition
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Term
| Hageman factor is important for 2 processes |
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Definition
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Term
| thrombin is a _ that acts on _ |
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Definition
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Term
| kallikrein is a _ activated by _ |
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Definition
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Term
| kallikrein is a _ that acts to produce _ to mediate (2) |
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Definition
protease
kinins
vascular reactions
pain |
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Term
| plasmin is responsible for _ _ |
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Definition
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Term
| bradykinin is a _ _ formed by action of _ on _ |
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Definition
vasoactive nonapeptide
proteases
kininogens |
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Term
| bradykinin & _ are very similar |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
vasodilation
permeability of post-capillary venules
activates endothelial cells' phospholipase A2
smooth muscle spasm
pain |
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Term
| arachidonic acid is made from _ _ _ by what enzymes? |
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Definition
cell membrane phospholipids
phospholipases |
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Term
| arachidonic acid gives rise to (2) |
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Definition
leukotrienes
prostaglandins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
vasoconstriction
bronchospasm
increased permeability |
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Term
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Definition
causes vasodilation
inhibits platelet aggregation |
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Term
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Definition
vasoconstriction
platelet aggregation |
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Term
| some innate immune non-phagocytic mechanisms to kill target cells include (3) |
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Definition
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Term
| neutrophils express (2) receptors to allow increased phagocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
| (3) things chemotactic for neutrophils |
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Definition
complement
fibrinopeptides
leukotrienes |
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Term
| complement _ is chemotactic for neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
| endothelial cells express _ & _ which are recognized by neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
| IL-8 is a _ that is a ... |
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Definition
cytokine
chemoattractant for neutrophils |
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Term
| arachidonic acid metabolites can lead to (4) |
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Definition
vasodilation
vasoconstriction
vascular permeability
chemotaxis |
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Term
| activation of neutrophils leads to (2) |
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Definition
respiratory burst
release of granules |
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Term
| neutrophil granules include (4) |
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Definition
proteases
phospholipases
elastases
collagenases |
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Term
| hageman factor eventually leads to _ activation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tissue macrophages secrete (3) which increase expression of adhesion molecules e.g. _ on endothelial cells |
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Definition
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha
E-selectin |
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Term
| IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha: 3 important effects |
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Definition
^ endothelial adhesion molecules
acute-phase protein production by liver
fever |
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Term
| activation effects of _ on neutrohpils cause a conformational change in the integrins e.g. _ to allow them to bind endothelial _ |
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Definition
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Term
| antibodies can opsonize but so can |
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Definition
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Term
| after activation, macrophages secrete (2) and various immunoregulators. They release local or systemic _ |
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Definition
interferons
lysozyme
cytokines |
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Term
| _ play significant roles in linking innate immunity to adaptive immunity |
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Definition
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Term
| phagosome:lysozome fusion involves (3) |
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Definition
enzymatic degradation
NO
low pH |
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Term
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Definition
| chemotactic factor for neutrophils |
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Term
| macrophages secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines (5) |
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Definition
IL-1beta
TNF-alpha
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12 |
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Term
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Definition
-activates NK cells
-induces differentiation of T CD4 cells into Th1 |
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Term
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Definition
dendritic cells
macrophages
monocytes
B cells |
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Term
| _ can kill self in absence of antigen specific receptors |
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Definition
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