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| Through hard work and determination, any US immigrant can achieve a better life. Includes financial prosperity and enhanced personal freedom of choice. |
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| Opposition to immigration on the grounds that immigrants will marginalize Enlish language, undermine American culture, destabilize American politics and weaken the economic state of American workers. |
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| Shedding old ethnicity to adopt the ways of America to fit in. Ex: Speak English, stop eating cultural food. |
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| A person who moves from where they lived. |
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| A migrant whose move involved crossing at least one international border. |
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| Factors that limit or provide opportunity: social class, religion, gender, ethnicity, customs. |
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| The ability of an individual to act independently and make their own choices. |
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| Genetically transmitted characteristics. Definition changes ober time and space. Fluid and arbitrary. A social construct. |
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| Cultural characteristics to distinquish groups: nationality, language, food, music. |
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| Causes at origin compelling emigration: catastrophic, economic, political. |
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| Attractive force at destination luring immigrants: climate, political freedom, religious freedom, economic betterment. |
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| Ability to move: lack of restraints in origin or barriers at destination and affordable transportation. |
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| EG Ravenstien's Laws of Migration |
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Definition
| Characteristics, Patterns, Volume |
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| Young, male, not poorest, below average social characteristics. Families come in chain migration and women become majority in contemporary migration. |
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Definition
| Well-defined streams with precise patterns of from and to. Counter-streams develope. |
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| Vary by diversity of destination and difficulty of means and stat of progress of both countries. |
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| Moving: same country, Old World, New World. Rural to urban, less developed to more developed. |
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| Age of Discovery/Exploration |
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Definition
| Europeans explored the world by sea searching for riches. |
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| Reasons for colonization of the Americas: Spread Christianity, get rich, achieve individual of national greatness. |
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Myth: Most immigrants came for religious freedom (Puritans)
Fact: Came for economic betterment. |
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Myth: Most immigrants were irt poor.
Fact: Not the poorest of the poor. |
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Myth: Nationalities and ethnicites all fuse into one.
Fact: Ethnic backgrounds and nationalities were retained. |
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Term
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Definition
| 13 Quaker/Mennonite families colonized Germantown with William Penn. Forerunners of 100,000 Germans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sign work contracts to pay for voyage. Then work for their freedom in the US. |
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| Exchange of food, animals and diseaes between Old and New worlds. |
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Term
| Columbian Exchange: New to Old |
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Definition
| Hepatitus, corn, potato, yam, pumpkin, pineapple, squash, pepper, tomato, tobacco, turkey, cacao, guinea pig, llama, alpaca. |
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| Columbian Exchange: Old to New |
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Definition
| Measles, small pox, scarlet fever, barley, wheat, rice, coffee, banana, cherry, peaches, pig, sheep, goat, cattle, donkey. |
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Definition
| 1/32 of black blood constitues being black. |
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| Migration without agency. Indians and slavery. |
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| A mixed child recieves the lower social status. |
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| Social categories are defined as racial characteristics. Welfare - blacks. |
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| A small percantage of the population that makes up a group. |
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| People act in ways that deny others resources of opporunities based on their identity. |
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| Evaluation of people within a category based on conceptions regardless of fact. Involves pre- and miss- judgement. |
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| The perception and tereatment of a race as inferior. |
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| Forced migration of slaves from Africa to the New World |
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| Euphamism for slavery in teh US. |
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| Bring slaves from Africa to the New World. Involved countless deaths and forced migration. A business for profit. |
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| Abolishment of slavery and freeing of slaves. |
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| Emigration of Free Blacks |
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| Alternative to emancipation by returning blacks to Africa. |
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| Gave freed slaves equal protection of the law (1868) |
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| Cultural traits that remain through assimilation. Music, food, dance, language, religion. |
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| Ordained by God to expand coast to coast. |
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| The unique experience of the frontier defined the United States. It gave Americans the opportunity to redefine themselves as civilization along the fronteir must continually be rebuilt. |
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| Tough man explores the frontier paving the way for settlement. Davy Crockett |
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| Relocation of American Indians to reserves. |
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| Indians attempt to get their land back. Indians vs. Government. |
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| Battle of Little Big Horn |
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Definition
| Custards last stand. 7th Cavalry rush in against Sioux and Cheyenne and are overwhelmed by numbers. Indians win. |
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Term
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| End of the Indian Wars. An accidental shot resulted in open firing on surrendering indians. |
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| Texas Succeeds from Mexico and is annexed into US. Us fights against Mexico to establish a border at the Rio Grande. |
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Definition
| Small Texas force stands up to Mexicans and all die fighting for Texas freedom. |
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Term
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
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Definition
| Terms to end US victory. US recieves 1/2 Mexico with border at Rio Grande. Mexicans in the new US were granted citizenship and teh right to own property but this was not always upheld. |
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| 1844 Ireland. Brittish government refused to assist leaving 1.5 million to die and 1.5 million to emigrate to the US. Thought of as genocide. |
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