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Image evaluation 3
TEST 3
96
Other
Graduate
04/15/2014
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Term
1. An AP toe was performed. There was tissue thickness and increased phalangeal concavity on the medial side. How should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
Medially rotate the foot until the plantar surface applies even pressure to the image receptor
Term
A lateral 1st digit toe was performed. The condyles of the phalanxes are not superimposed and the metatarsal are demonstrated without superimposition. What error occurred?
 Definition
Insufficient rotation, the toe was not in a true lateral
Term
1. A lateral foot demonstrates distortion of the anterior pretalar fat pad. What caused the distortion?
 Definition
The foot was not Dorsi-flexed to form 90 degrees from the dorsal surface of foot to the anterior leg
OR The foot was performed with plantar flexion
Term
A medial oblique foot is presented with metatarsal bases and cuboid-cuneiform joint with superimposition, what error occurred?
 Definition
-Foot was under obliqued.
Term
1. For the calcaneus, plantodorsal axial view, which metetarsals are demonstrated when the ankle is incorrectly internally rotated?
 Definition
The 1st and 2nd metatarsals are demonstrated medially
Term
If an axial calcaneus, plantodorsal, is performed with the foot dorsiflexed beyond vertical, how should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
Decrease the angle of central ray or plantarflex until the foot is in true vertical position
Term
1. For Lateral projection of the lower leg, if the distal fibula appears too far anterior on the tibia. What error occurred?
 Definition
Leg was internally rotated
Term
For a lateral knee projection, the distal articulating surfaces of the femoral condyles are not superimposed. The medial condyle is distal to the lateral condyle. How do you adjust the error?
 Definition
Adjust the angle 5 degree CEPHALIC (for every 0.25 inches of distance demonstrated between the medial and lateral distal surfaces).
Term
.) For an AP knee projection, the femoral epicondyles are not in profile, the lateral femoral condyle appears larger than the medial condyle, and the fibular head demonstrates less tibial superimposition. How should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
- Externally rotate the leg until the femoral epicondyles are equal distances to IR
Term
For an axial projection of the calcaneus, the talocalcaneal joint space is obscured, and the calcaneal tuberosity is elongated. The CR was accurately positioned to 40 degree angulation. How should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
Plantar-flex the foot to a vertical position and CONTINUE to use a 40-degree angulation. If the patient cannot plantar-flex the foot, decrease the CR angulation, aligning the CR with the 5th Metatarsal base and distal point of the fibula.
Term
For a 45 degree oblique ankle view, if the calcaneus is obscuring the distal aspect of the lateral mortise and distal fibula, what error occurred?
 Definition
The foot was in plantar flexion
Term
On a lateral lower leg, what error has occurred when there is complete tibial superimposition of fibular head and the tib fib shafts are both superimposed?
 Definition
Internal/ posterior rotation of the leg.
Term
How much is the knee flexed on a lateral leg when the femoral condyles are demonstrated with superimposition?
 Definition
30 degrees
Term
On an AP toe if there is more phalangeal concavity on the medial side, in which direction is the toe rotated
 Definition
Laterally
Term
On a lateral toe, the phalangeal condyles do not have to be superimposed. True or False?
 Definition
False
Term
Which foot rotation would demonstrate the medial and intermediate cuneiform joint space closed, and increase metatarsal base superimposition?
 Definition
Lateral rotation
Term
A medial oblique foot will show the Jones Fracture. This fracture is located where?
 Definition
Proximal end of the 5th metatarsal (Base of the 5th)
Term
On an AP knee, the medial femoral condyle appears larger, there is extreme tibia superimposition with the fibular head and the patella is extremely lateral to the midline. What positioning error occurred?
 Definition
Knee was externally rotated
Term
On a lateral knee, the patellofemoral joint space is either narrowed or closed, the medial condyle is POSTERIOR to the lateral condyle, and the fibular head is still superimposing the tibia. What position error occurred?
 Definition
Knee was not in a true lateral, internally/posteriorly rotated.
Term
on AP toes, the joint spaces are closed and the phalanges are foreshortened. What error occurred??
 Definition
toes were flexed---A
Term
there is increased tissue thickness and phalangeal concavity on the lateral side. how do you correct the error?
 Definition
laterally rotate the foot until even pressure of foot is applied to IR
Term
what is another name for the anterior surface of the foot??
 Definition
dorsal---A
Term
the sinus tarsi is best visualized in what position of the foot?
 Definition
oblique---A
Term
true or false. the ankle mortise should be obliqued 45 degrees
 Definition
false,
Term
on an axial plantodorsal calcaneus, which way was the foot rotated if you can see the 4th and 5th metatarsals?
 Definition
externally rotated
Term
what error was made if the lateral mortise is open on an AP lower leg??
 Definition
internal rotation
Term
a lateral lower leg is showing the distal fibula positioned too far posteriorly on the tibia. what error occurred??
 Definition
external rotation
Term
true or false. when a patient suffers from Valgus Deformity the knee will appear knocked and the lateral joint is narrowed.
 Definition
True
Term
on an axial plantodorsal calcaneus, which way was the foot rotated if you can see the 4th and 5th metatarsals?
 Definition
externally rotated
Term
what error was made if the lateral mortise is open on an AP lower leg??
 Definition
internal rotation
Term
a lateral lower leg is showing the distal fibula positioned too far posteriorly on the tibia. what error occurred??
 Definition
external rotation
Term
true or false. when a patient suffers from Valgus Deformity the knee will appear knocked and the lateral joint is narrowed.
 Definition
True
Term
a true AP of the knee will include
 Definition
the knee joint space open---A
-patella extreme lateral to midline
-lateral femoral condyles appears larger
-the intercondylar eminence will not be aligned with the intercondylar fossa
Term
What will you see on an accidently externally rotated AP lower leg?
 Definition
Increased superimposition of the fibula mid-shaft by the tibia
Term
1. With an AP oblique Toe, if you need to make an adjustment by increasing the foot until toe is 45, what error had occurred?
 Definition
Toe was under rotated less than 45 degrees
Term
2. With an AP oblique toe, what error has occurred if the toe rotation has to be decreased to meet 45 degrees to IR?
 Definition
Toe was over rotated more than 45 degrees
Term
1. On an oblique foot, what error has occurred when all cuneiforms are completely superimposed and how to adjust it?
 Definition
The foot was over oblique and you adjust by decreasing medial obliquity
Term
1. When the calcaneus is foreshortened in a planodorsal axial calcaneus, what error has occurred?
 Definition
It was in plantar-flexion. To adjust increase angle of CR or dorsi-flex until foot is in vertical position.
Term
2. How do you know when an AP Ankle is in accidental internal/medial rotation?
 Definition
The lateral mortise will be open.
Term
1. When the lower leg is in trauma state, what two views should be use?
 Definition
AP, as is and a X-table lateral view.
Term
2. What side of the tube goes over the proximal end of the lower leg?
 Definition
The cathode end of the tube goes over the knee.
Term
1. On an AP knee, when the fibular head is elongated, what error has occurred?
 Definition
excessive caudal angle
Term
2. When the condyles are not superimposed and the adductor tubercle is NOT demonstrated in profile on a lateral knee position, what error occurred?
 Definition
Lateral/external (excessive anterior) leg rotation
Term
1.) For a lateral projection of the 1st -3rd toes, the foot should be rotated laterally/externally
 Definition
Answer- False
Term
1.) Out of the three cuneiform tarsal bones, which cuneiform is the largest?
 Definition
Medial Cuneiform/1st cuneiform
Term
2.) On an oblique foot projection, the 4th and 5th MT joint space is closed and the sinus tarsi is not well visualized. How should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
Answer- Increase medial obliquity
Term
1.) On a proper mortise view, which mortise joint should be open?
 Definition
lateral and medial
Term
The proximal phalanx demonstrates more concavity on the posterior aspect than on the anterior aspect.
 Definition
ANSWER: THE PATIENTS TOE WAS CLOSE TO A LATERAL PROJECTION.
Term
The phalanges demonstrate more mid shaft concavity on the lateral surface of the toe than the medial surface.
 Definition
ANSWER: THE FOOT AND TOE WERE MEDIALLY ROTATED.
Term
In an AP oblique projection of the foot which of the joint spaces that surround the cuboid is the first to close if the patient’s foot is not adequately rotated?
 Definition
Cuboid-cuneiform
Term
) For an accurately positioned AP foot, the joint space between the medial (1st) and intermediate (2nd) cuneiforms should demonstrate as closed.
 Definition
False- the joint space between (1st) & (2nd) cuneiforms should be open
Term
How should the lower leg be positioned with respect to the x-ray tube to take advantage of the anode heel effect?
 Definition
Position the ankle toward the anode end of the tube and the knee toward the cathode end
Term
An AP projection of the distal lower leg is correctly positioned when the_______mortise is open and the _______mortise is closed.
 Definition
Medial ; lateral
Term
How can one determine from a knee projection with internal rotation that the patient was over rotated?
 Definition
The fibular head will aligned with the anterior edge of the tibia but will be positioned posterior to this placement
Term
For an internal or external oblique knee projection, an imaginary line drawn between the femoral epicondyles should form a ____-degree angle with the imaging table
 Definition
45 degrees
Term
2. In an AP lower leg if the fibula demonstrates minimal tibia superimposition at the proximal and distal ends. What action can be taken to correct the error?
 Definition
A) Laterally rotate the leg until foot is vertical
Term
1. If the adductor tubercle is shown posterior to the lateral epicondyle on a lateral knee, what error occurred?
 Definition
-Internal/posterior rotation of the knee
Term
On a lateral knee, what error occurred if the medial condyle appears distal/inferior to the lateral condyle?
 Definition
-Insufficient angle of the knee or the beam was perpendicular
Term
For an AP axial toe projection, if the phalanges demonstrate greater soft tissue width and midshaft concavity on the lateral surface, what must be done to correct this?
 Definition
Laterally rotate the foot until the toe of interest is flat against the IR.
Term
.) For a lateral toe projection, if soft tissue and bony overlap of digits occur, what must be done to correct this?
 Definition
The patient's unaffected toes should be drawn away from the affected toe, using immobilization devices if necessary.
Term
On a lateral foot, the medial talar dome is demonstrated posterior to the lateral talar dome and the fibula appears on the anterior aspect of the tibia . What error occurred?
 Definition
The leg was rotated externally/posteriorly with elevated metatarsals
Term
For anAP Axial Foot Projection, The joint space between the medial and intermediate cuneiforms is closed, and the metatarsal bases demonstrate decreased superimposition. What error occurred?
 Definition
More pressure was placed on the medial plantar surface than the lateral surface, resulting in medial foot rotation.
Term
On an AP Lower leg, If the joint spaces of both the knee and ankle are open, what error occurred?
 Definition
The knee and ankle were relaxed; knee was flexed and ankle was in neutral position
Term
On a lateral lower leg if the Fibular head demonstrates with absolutely no superimposition from the Tibia, what error occurred?
 Definition
The lower leg is over rotated externally/anteriorly.
Term
When performing an ankle mortise oblique, if the lateral mortise is closed what error occurred?
 Definition
Insuffient rotation
Term
While performing a plantar-dorsal calcaneus projection, the calcaneal joint spaces obscured and the calcaneus is elongated, what error occurred?
 Definition
The foot was dorsiflexed beyond vertical with 40 degree angle
Term
On a lateral toe the condyles are NOT superimposed and the MT heads are shown w/o superimposition. What error occurred?
 Definition
Not in a TRUE lateral position. INSUFFICIENT rotation
Term
On a lateral foot the lateral talar dome is superior to the medial dome. What error occurred?
 Definition
the PROXIMAL leg was elevated
Term
T or F – On an accurate AP ankle , the lateral mortise (fibulotalar articulations) is open and the medial mortise (tibotalar articulation) is closed.
 Definition
: False
Term
What position would you see the sustentaculum tali in profile medially?
 Definition
plantodorsal axial
Term
T or F – For trauma of the lower leg the patient can be maneuvered in any direction.
 Definition
Ans: FALSE
Term
When preforming an x-ray on the lower leg what body part goes under the cathode?
 Definition
Ans: knee
Term
On an AP knee with accurate positioning and CR placement, if a patient’s medial knee joint space demonstrates narrowing, what deformity is suspected?
 Definition
Ans: Varus Deformity “Bow Legged”
Term
If the medial femoral condyles appear larger & the patella is demonstrated on the extreme lateral to midline of femur what oblique was performed?
 Definition
Ans: External/ lateral oblique knee
Term
What is the error when the AP lower leg has less superimposition of the fibula and tibia and the lateral mortise is demonstrated?
 Definition
Answer: The lower leg is internally rotated
Term
When the foot is under oblique what are the errors that occur?
 Definition
Answer: cuboid and lateral/3rd cuneiform closes joint space closed, 2nd-5th MT joint space is close and sinus tarsi is not visualized well.
Term
In a lateral foot the medial talar dome demonstrates inferiorly to the lateral talar dome, how should the error be adjusted?
 Definition
Answer: Decrease proximal leg elevation until leg is in contact and parallel to IR
Term
If phalangeal condyles are not superimposed and metatarsal heads are shown without superimposition, what error occurred?
 Definition
Answer: The lateral foot had insufficient rotation (internal rotation from its lateral position)
Term
On a lateral ankle the distal tibia and talus are superimposed slightly closing the lateral mortise
 Definition
Answer: False – AP Ankle
Term
What correction should be made for a plantodorsal axial calcaneus if the calcaneus is foreshortened even with proper CR anglution?
 Definition
Answer: Properly Dorsiflex until foot it is in vertical position
Term
. Which of the following should be demonstrated on an image of an accurately positioned lateral toe
 Definition
The condyles of the proximal phalanx are superimposed
Term
Which direction should you rotate the foot for a lateral of the 3rd toe?
 Definition
-Medially
Term
If all the cuneiforms are completely superimposed on an AP oblique foot what error occurred?
 Definition
-Over oblique/rotated
Term
What happens if an incorrect angle or no angle is used on the AP axial foot?
 Definition
Obscures the TMT and navicular-cuneiform joint spaces
Term
. On a lateral ankle if the fibula is seen posterior to the tibia what error occurred?
 Definition
-Anterior /External rotation (ELEVATED HEEL!)
Term
What will be demonstrated on an AP lower leg if it is internally rotated?
 Definition
The lateral mortise
Term
On a lateral lower leg if the tib-fib shafts are superimposed and the fibular head is seen with complete tibial superimposition what error occurred?
 Definition
Internally (under) rotated
Term
The adductor tubercle is located above/proximal the lateral epicondyle.
 Definition
-False, it is located above/proximal the medial epicondyle
Term
The fibular head is elongated when there is an excessive cephalic angle on an AP knee.
 Definition
-False, it is seen when there is an excessive caudal angle
Term
1.) On an AP knee projection with accurate positiong, the medial knee compartment(joint space) is narrower than the lateral knee compartment (joint space), what deformity is demonstrated?
 Definition
Patient’s knee demonstrates a varus deformity.
Term
: If the phalanges demonstrate greater soft tissue width and midshaft concavity on the medial surface what would you do to correct the error?
 Definition
Medially rotate the foot and toe until they are flat against the IR.
Term
On an AP axial foot, What do you need to do if the TMT and navicular-cuneiform joint spaces are obscured?
 Definition
Direct the CR 10 to 15 degrees proximally(toward the heel).
Term
: On a lateral ankle the medial dome is superior to the lateral dome, what is the error and how do you correct it?
 Definition
The distal leg is elevated and to correct one would lower the distal leg until the medial and lateral malleolus are in contact and perpendicular to IR.
Term
What should be at the center of the exposure field for a lateral leg projection?
 Definition
Tibial midshaft
Term
If less than .25” of the tibia was superimposed over the fibular head in an AP projection of the knee, what was the error?
 Definition
The leg was internally rotated
Term
If the fibular head, neck and shaft are not superimposed by the tibia in an external oblique knee, what was the error?
 Definition
The patients knee was rotated less than 45 degrees.
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