Term
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Definition
| auxiliary electrical power generating device. Converts the vehicles 12- or 24- volt DC current into 110- or 220-volt AC current (331) |
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Term
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Definition
| a portable generator powered by small gasoline or diesel engines and generally have 110- and/or 220-volt capacities (331) |
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Term
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Definition
| a luminous discharge of electricity across a gap. Produces very high temperature (334) |
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Term
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Definition
| branch of fluid mechanics dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids and the application of these properties in engineering (334) |
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Term
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Definition
| general term used for lengths of timber, srew jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks, and other devices that can be used as temporary support for formwork or structural components or used to hold sheeting against trench walls. (338) |
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Term
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Definition
| varying lengths of hardwood, usually 4"x4" or larger, used to stablize vehicles and collapsed buildings during extrication incidents (339) |
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Term
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Definition
| series of pulleys (sheaves) contained within a wood or metal frame. Used with rope to provide a mechanical advantage for pulling operations. (346) |
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Term
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Definition
| system used for sorting and classifying accident casualties to determine the priority for medical treatment and transportation (350) |
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Term
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Definition
| process of providing additional support to key places between an object of entrapment and the ground or other solid anchor points to prevent unwanted movement (350) |
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Term
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Definition
| wooden, plastic, or metal block constructed to fit the curvature of a tire; placed against the tire to prevent apparatus rolling (351) |
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Term
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Definition
| readying a patient for transport (356) |
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Term
| safety glass (laminated glass) |
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Definition
| special glass composed of two sheets of glass that are laminated to a sheet of plastic sandwhiched between them under high temperature and pressure. (357) |
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Term
| safety glass (laminated glass) |
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Definition
| glass primarily used for automobile windshields and some rear windows (357) |
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Term
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Definition
| type of glass treated to become harder and more break-resistant than plate glass or a single sheet of laminated glass (357) |
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Term
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Definition
| glass used most commonly in side windows and some rear windows (357) |
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Term
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Definition
| method of automobile construction used for most modern cars in which the frame and body of a vehicle is all one integral unit (360) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______________ is one of the most common types of litters used by fire service personnel (330) |
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Term
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Definition
| Immobilizing a victim who is suspected of having a spinal injury on a long backboard requires _________________ (330) |
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Term
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Definition
| When dangers at the scene are life-threatening to the victim and rescuers, or the victim is not suspected of having a cervical spine injury and is just being relocated, this process may be performed with only ___________________ (330) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ______________ can be used with either a conscious or an unconscious victim and requires two rescuers (330) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ________________ can be used with either a conscious or an unconscious victim and cannot be done with a folding chair. (330) |
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Term
Advantages of inverters are - (331) |
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Definition
- fuel efficiency - low or nonexistent noise during operation |
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Term
- limited power supply capability
- limited mobility from the vehicle |
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Definition
| Disadvantages of inverters - (331) |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common power source used for emergency services; can be portable or vehicle mounted (331) |
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Term
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Definition
| power supply usually light enough to be carried by two people and useful when electrical power is needed in an area that is not accessible to a vehicle mounted system (331) |
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Term
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Definition
| lighting equipment can be divided into two categories - (331) |
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Term
| may restrict the operation of other electrical tools using the same power supply |
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Definition
| overtaxing the power plant gives poor lighting, may damage the power generating unit or the lights, and ______________________________________________________ (332) |
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Term
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Definition
| _________________________ provide secure, safe connections as long as they are not immersed in water (333) |
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Term
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Definition
| The ________________ has several outlets and is supplied through one inlet from the power plant. (333) |
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Term
| spreaders, shears, combination spreaders/shears, and extension rams |
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Definition
| What are the four basic types of powered hydraulic tools used in rescue incidents? (335) |
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Term
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Definition
| What were the first powered hydraulic tools to become available to the fire/rescue service? (335) |
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Term
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Definition
| What hydraulic tool is capable of cutting almost any metal object that can fit between the blades? (335) |
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Term
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Definition
| Typical _________ are capable of producing tons of cutting force and have an opening spread of approximately 7 inches. (335) |
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Term
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Definition
| A typical hydraulic _________ can be used to extricate a victim in a vehicle accident, force entry into a structure, or lift a collapsed structural member. (335) |
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Term
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Definition
| Manual _________________ can provide a limited amount of power in the event the hydraulic unit fails (335) |
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Term
| combination spreader/shears |
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Definition
| This tool consists of two arms equipped with spreader tips that can be used for pulling or pushing (336) |
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Term
| combination spreader/shears |
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Definition
| This combination tool is excellent for a small rapid-intervention vehicle or for departments where limited resources prevent the purchase of larger and more expensive individual tools. (336) |
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Term
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Definition
| These tools are especially useful when it is necessary to push objects farther than the maximum opening distance of the hydraulic spreaders (336) |
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Term
| porta-power tool system and hydraulic jack |
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Definition
| Two manual hydraulic tools used frequently in extrication work are: (336) |
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Term
- operate more slowly than powered hydraulic tools
- have limited range of operation
- are labor-intensive |
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Definition
| some disadvantages of manual hydraulic tools are that they - (336) |
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Term
- relatively inexpensive
- light weight
- can be used in areas inaccessible to powered units |
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Definition
| Some of the advantages of manual hydraulic tools are that they are - (336) |
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Term
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Definition
| Saving a life from fire or accident; removing a victim from an untenable or unhealthy atmosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incidents involving the removal and treatment of victims who are trapped by some type of man-made machinery or equipment. |
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Term
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Definition
Ongoing evaluation (usually the responsibility of the Company Officer) Used to develop an IAP for the comittment of resources to an incident |
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Term
| Personnel Accountabilty Report (PAR) |
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Definition
| A roll call of all units assigned to an incident. May be requested at any time by the IC, ISO or after a catstrophic event. |
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Term
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Definition
Operate in teams of at least two people Maintain a search pattern (right/left hand) Ensure all PPE (incl SCBA & PASS) are worn Ensure a RIC/RIT team is readily available Ensure you have appropriate tools (forcible entry, flashlight, radio, TIC) Check doors for heat prior to opening If possible, ensure a charged hoseline is available
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Term
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Definition
| Place or means of exiting a structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Signal given to the IC that a specific area has been checked for victims and none have been found or all found victims have been extricated from an entrapment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rapid but thorough search that is performed either before or during fire suppression operations. |
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Term
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Definition
Conducted after the fire is under control and the greatest hazards have been controlled. Slower and more thorough than primary search Ideally, should be completed by personnel other than those who completed the primary search. |
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Term
| Primary Search Priorities |
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Definition
Most severely threatened areas (work as close to fire as possible) Largest numbers Remainder of hazard zone Exposures
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Term
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Definition
| A primary search system for searching large or complex areas that are smoke filled (p312-313) |
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Term
Multistory Search Priorities |
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Definition
| Fire floor, followed by floor directly above the fire and then the topmost floor. |
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Term
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Definition
A methodical way to search an area using either the 'right' or 'left' hand method. |
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Term
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Definition
Should be placed on the lower third of doors/walls to ensure visibility in poor conditions. Avoids duplication of effort. |
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Term
| Search Safety Considerations |
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Definition
Alertness for weakened structural conditions Checking doors for heat Maintaining control of doors when opening |
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Term
| Hoseline Couplings & Direction of Egress |
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Definition
Should a firefighter become disorientated, they can follow the direction of the male coupling to the exit. "Long Lugs, Live Long" |
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Term
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Definition
| The act of breaking through a wall (or other structural component) to creat a means of egress. |
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Term
Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) |
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Definition
Two or more fully equipped, and immediately available, firefighters designated to standby outside the hazard zone to enter and effect a rescue of firefighters inside, if necessary. May perform limited fireground duties. RIC/RIT is a CAL-OSHA requirement |
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Term
Victim Removal Options (p328-329) |
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Definition
Incline Drag - used to move an unconcious victim up/down stairs/incline (1 rescuer) Blanket Drag (1 rescuer) Webbing/Hosestrap Drag/DRD - (1 rescuer) Cradle-in-arms carry (1/2 rescuer) Seat Lift/Carry (2 rescuer) Three person lift carry
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Term
| Victim Removal - Emergency Move Conditions |
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Definition
There is fire or danger in the immediate area Explosives or other HazMat's are involved It is impossible to protect the fire/accident scene It is impossible to access other patients who need immediate life-saving care The victim is in cardiac arrest and must be moved to a different area (i.e. CPR on a firm surface etc)
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Term
| Firefighters in Distress/Disorientated |
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Definition
Stay Calm - Air management Attempt to retrace your steps Find a hoseline if one is in place Look for an exit feel for doors and feel higher areas for windows Move to an uninvolved area of the structure Consider breaching a wall/door Stay near walls so rescuers can find you If all else fails, activate your PASS and call for "Emergency Traffic/Mayday!"
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Term
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Definition
| The act of removing/partially removing an SCBA or tool to reduce the physical profile of a firefighter to navigate through a restricted opening. |
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Term
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Definition
Two ports on the MSA SCBA used to restore air supply to a downed firefighter who is out of air. Requires a trans-fill hose to make the connection. Once air has been equalized, DO NOT continue with interior operations - exit the building ASAP. |
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Term
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Definition
| heavy-duty devices excellent for supporting collapsed structural members (338) |
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Term
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Definition
| these jacks are normally not used for lifting; their primary use is to hold an object in place, not move it (338) |
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Term
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Definition
| because of their ease of application, durability, and relatively low cost, these jacks are sometimes used to replace wooden cross brases (338) |
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Term
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Definition
| these jacks can be dangerous because they are the least stable. Can fail under a heavy load (338) |
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Term
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Definition
| often used in vehicle extrication situations, good for cutting medium- to heavy-gauge sheet metal and for popping rivets and bolts (340) |
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Term
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Definition
| can almost instantly create a hole 1 foot in diameter and depth (341) |
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Term
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Definition
| often used for delicate cutting operations such as removing rings from swollen fingers and cutting case-hardened locks and steel stock up to 3/4" in thickness (342) |
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Term
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Definition
| used to create an anchor point above a manhole or other opening allowing rescuers to be safely lowered into confined spaces and rescuers and victims to be hoisted out of them (342) |
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Term
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Definition
| should be equipped with handheld remote-control devices and should be positioned as close to the object being pulled as possible so that if the cable breaks, there will be less cable to suddenly recoil (342) |
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Term
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Definition
| a portable cable winch operated by a manual ratchet lever (343) |
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Term
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Definition
| In most fire departments in the U.S. and Canada, the overwhelming majority of rescue incidents are ______________ (346) |
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Term
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Definition
| __________________ is essential to accomplishing a safe and efficient extrication operation (347) |
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Term
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Definition
| _________________ begins as soon as the first emergency vehicle approaches the accident scene (347) |
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Term
| Rescuers should be observant as they approach the scene of a motor vehicle accident of - (349) |
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Definition
- what are the traffic hazards - how many and what types of vehicles are involved - where and how are vehicles positioned - how many victims and what is their status - is there fire or potential for fire - any hazardous materials - are there any utilities involved - is there a need for additional resources |
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Term
| stabilize the vehicles involved |
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Definition
| after scene assessment, and before any other extrication activities are begun, rescuers must _________________________________________________ (350) |
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Term
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Definition
| hybrid vehicles have high-voltage cables and components that represent an ______________________ for rescuers (353) |
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Term
| front and side air bags, seat belt tensioners, and other devices intended to protect the occupants of the vehicle |
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Definition
| It is important in newer vehicles to eliminate power to the restraint systems such as - (353) |
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Term
| - number of victims and severity of injuries - condition of vehicle - extrication tasks required - note any hazardous conditions |
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Definition
| When assessing the need for extrication activities, what things should be looked for in the immediate area around the vehicle? (349) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Restraint systems can reamin operational for up to ________ after the power is interrupted (353) |
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Term
- through normally operating door
- through a window
- by cutting away parts of the vehicle body |
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Definition
| there are three methods of gaining access to victims in vehicles They are - (353) |
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Term
- oil- and air-filled struts for hoods, trunk lids, and bumpers - fuel and other flammable liquids - high-pressure tires - contents of trunk or vehicle interior |
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Definition
| There are a number of additional potential hazards associated with wrecked passenger vehicles. The most common of these hazards are: (354) |
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Term
- turn ignition switch to the "off" position
- disconnect both battery cables
- wait for the reserve power supply to drain down |
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Definition
| On many vehicle models, the only method to prevent the accidental firing of electrical-type systems is to - (355) |
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|
Term
- cutting all roof posts
- cutting front posts and folding roof back over trunk |
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Definition
| what are the two ways in which vehicle roofs can be removed? (359) |
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Term
| 5 Types of structual collapse. |
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Definition
1. Pancake collapse 2. V-shaped collapse 3. Lean-to collapse 4. A-frame collapse 5. Cantilever collapse (Pg.362) |
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Term
|
Definition
When the outer walls remain intact and the upper floors and/or roof structure fail in the middle. (Pg.363) |
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Term
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Definition
| When one outer wall fails while the opposite wall remains intact. The side of the floor or roof assembly that was supported by the failed wall drops to the floor, forming a triangular void underneath. (Pg.363) |
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Term
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Definition
| When the floor and/or roof assemblies on both sides of a center wall collapse into what might be seen as opposing lean-to collapses. (Pg.363) |
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Term
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Definition
| When one or more walls of a multi story building collapse, leaving the floors attached to and supported by the remaining walls. (Pg.364) |
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Term
| Common means of locating hidden victums in rubble are: |
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Definition
*Hailing (yelling out loud). *Using short distance radar devices. *Using electronically enhanced acoustic listening devices. *Using search camaras. *Using Thermal Imaging Camaras. *Using search dogs. (Pg.364) |
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Term
| The two types of hazards associated with collapse are: |
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Definition
| Environmental and Physical hazards. (Pg.365) |
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Term
| Environmental Hazards Involve: |
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Definition
| Damaged utilities, atmospheric contamination, hazardous material contamination, darkness, noise, fire, or temperature extremes and other adverse weather conditions. (Pg.365) |
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Term
| Physical Hazards Involve: |
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Definition
| Secondary collopse, working in unstable debris, working in confined spaces, working around exposed wiring and regbar, and dealing with heights. (Pg.365) |
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Term
| Some safety precausions to remember when involved in a cave-in or excavation rescue: |
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Definition
*Only enter a trench if you have trench rescue skills. *Do not enter untill it has been safely shored. *Wear proper PPE. *If oxygen deficient wear SCBA. *Place exit ladder in trench at each end of safety zone. * Cordon off 100 feet from trench. *Eliminate sources of vibration within 500 feet. (Pg.366) |
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Term
| OSHA defines a confined space as having the following characteristics; |
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Definition
| *Large enough and so cofigured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work. *It has limited or restricted means for entry and exit. *It is not designed for continuous employee occupancy. (Pg.366) |
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Term
| Physical hazards in confined spaces include: |
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Definition
| *Limited means of entry and egress *Cave-ins or unstable support members *Utility hazards- electricity, gas, sewage. (Pg.367) |
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Term
| When ever rescuers respond to any situation involving electricity, they should ALWAYS do the following: |
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Definition
| *Assume that all electrical lines are energized. *Control the scene and deny unotherized entry. *Call for the power provider to respond, and stand by untill they arrive. *Allow only power company personnel to cut electrical wires. (Pg.369) |
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Term
|
Definition
| When an energized electrical wire comes in contact with the ground, the current flows outward in all directions from the point of contact. As the current flows away from the point of contact, the voltage drops progressively. (Pg.369) |
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Term
| The four methods used for water rescues are: |
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Definition
*Reach- Extend a long handled tool to the vitim. *Throw- Throw a rope or flotation device attached to a rope. *Row- Use a boat to retrieve the victim. *Go- Enter the water to reach the victim and pull him or her to safety. (Pg.370) |
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Term
| Three methods for Ice rescue: |
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Definition
*Rech- The vitim must be able to hold the aid. *Throw- Victim must be able to hold the aid. *Go- Use only if the victim is to far to REACH, or THROW to, or if thety are not able to hold the aid. (Pg.372) |
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