Term
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Definition
| the systematic removal of heated air, smoke, and fire gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler air (541) |
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Term
- life safety
- fire attack and extinguishment
- fire spread control
- reduction of flashover potential
- reduction of backdraft potential
- property conservation |
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Definition
| tactical ventilation contributes to achieving what objectives - (543) |
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Term
reducing the interior temperature
increasing visibility |
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Definition
| timely and effective ventilation increases firefighter saftey by - (543) |
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Term
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Definition
| created when a ventilation opening is made in the upper portion of a building and air currents throughout the building are drawn in the direction of the opening (544) |
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Term
| safety of firefighters and building occupants |
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Definition
| The first factor in consideration of ventilation is (548) |
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Term
- confinement and excessive heat
- smoke stained windows
- smoke puffing at intervals from the building (appearance of breathing)
- pressurized smoke coming from small cracks
- little visible flame from the exterior of the building
- black smoke become dense gray-yellow |
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Definition
| what are the signs for a potential backdraft (547) |
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Term
|
Definition
| what is the transition between the growth and the fully developed fire stages (544) |
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Term
| removing or reducing the heat before it reaches the levels required for mass ignition |
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Definition
| ventilation helps to prevent flashover from occuring by - (545) |
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Term
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Definition
| _______________ is the safest way to vent a building with backdraft potential (546) |
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Term
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Definition
| Outcome of combustion in a confined space where gases tend to form into layers (544) |
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Term
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Definition
| Where the hotest thermal layer of gas is found (544) |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of heat, smoke, and other products to rise vertically, then spread out to the side when they hit an obstruction (544) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The use of whind, convection current, or other natural phenomena to ventilate a structure (547) |
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Term
| Forced ventilation, also mechanical ventilation. |
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Definition
| The use of fans, blowers, smoke ejectors, or fire streams to ventilate a building. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thermal r chemical decomposition that releases more flamable fules, ie tar, pitches, and gases, thereby lowering the ignition temperature (549) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A strong air draft moving from the ground level to the roof (550) |
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Term
- Building Height
- Building Configuration
-Temperature difference between inside and outside air |
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Definition
| 3 conditions that alter the Stack Effect (556) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ladder that anchors over the roof ridge (558) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Commonly made out of wood shake, tile, slate, tin, or asphalt tar paper (560) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A single straight cut, the width of the saw blade to check for fire extension (562) |
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Term
| Louver Cut or Vent, also Center Rafter Cut. |
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Definition
| Rectangular cut in the roof, still nailed to the rafter, and tilted (562) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lightweight truss with a curve at the top of the chord (563) |
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Term
|
Definition
| An arch constucted with many short pieces of wood called lamellas (564) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Horizontal members between arches of steel, concrete, or wood in trussless arch roofs. They stabalize the roof (565) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A defensive venting tactic used to cut off a spreading fire. An exit opening is cut from one outside wall to another (567) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Updraft of heated air, fire gases, and smoke directly above the involved area (569) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Any ventilation chanelled out of the side of a structure, either through windows or doors, or through other holes in the wall (570) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The side FROM WHICH the wind is blowing (570) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The side protected from the wind (570) |
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|
Term
| Negative-pressure ventilation |
|
Definition
| Type of ventilation generated by smoke ejectors. Pulls smoke out (574) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement of smoke created when the open area around a smoke ejector is not sealed (574) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Movement of smoke that is drawn back into a structure by negative pressure after already being blown out (574) |
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|
Term
| Positive-Pressure ventilation, PPV |
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Definition
| Blowing enough fresh air into a space to raise the air pressure and push out the contaminated air (575) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Using a fog stream out of a window to increase air and smoke movement (578) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreases the rate of smoke layer redevelopment (541) |
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|
Term
| Horizontal and vertical ventilation of a structure as a team |
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Definition
| 2 ventilation skills required at the FFI level (542) |
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|
Term
- Safety considerations when venting a structure.
- Signs, causes, effects, and prevention of backdrafts.
- Fire behavior in a structure.
- Basic indicators of roof collapse.
- Principles of themal layering inside a burning building. |
|
Definition
| 5 items a firefighter should consider about ventilation (542) |
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|
Term
| Safety of firefighters and building occupants. |
|
Definition
| The first factor to consider before starting ventilation of a structure (548) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Volume of fire
- Time burning
- Type of construction
- assembly rating
- load on the roof (556) |
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Term
|
Definition
| __________ are good places to use horizontal ventilation (570) |
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Term
|
Definition
| This type of ventilation causes a drain on available water supply (578) |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____________ often do not provide enough ventilation on their own (561) |
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Term
|
Definition
| May be opened by dismantling part of the frame, will often not shatter (561) |
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Term
|
Definition
| When heat and gases raises the cumbustibles in teh room to their ignition temperaturs (544) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ventilation prevents _____________ by removing _______________ (545) |
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|
Term
- wind direction
- 2nd means of escape
- Excessive weight on the roof |
|
Definition
| 3 safety precautions of verticle ventilation (558-559) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Smoke is _____ that has not ignited (549) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Safest way to reduce backdraft potential (546) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A violent deflagration that occurs when oxygen is introduced back into an environment containing super heated combustion gases (546) |
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|
Term
| Hazards from not ventilating |
|
Definition
- Visual impairment
- toxic gases
- lack of oxygen
- flamable gases
- backdraft potential
- flashover potential (548) |
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|
Term
| Hazards from not ventilating |
|
Definition
- Visual impairment
- toxic gases
- lack of oxygen
- flamable gases
- backdraft potential
- flashover potential (548) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Using the buildings HVAC system or mechanical devises in high rises (551) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extremely hard roof to break through using roofing felt and tar (562) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Roof that requires no cutting (564) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The nozzel tip should be ___ feet back from the opening during hydraulic ventilation (578) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A PPV fan can be effectively used to ventilate a ________ fire (552) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
- through stairwells and elevator shafts.
- through partitions and walls
-through ceiling and floors by conduction of heat through beams and pipes (553) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Meant only to prevent slipping ona steep or slippery roof (559) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Number of rungs aboe the roofline that the ladder should be extended (559) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A normallysolid materila that springs back when walked on. A sign of roof collapse (560) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Easier to cut and repair (562) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The minimum size vent required (562) |
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|
Term
| Baloon-frame construction |
|
Definition
| In __________ a basement fire will commonly have the first extention in the actic (567) |
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Term
|
Definition
| You should never direct a fire stream into a ventilation opening during __________ (569) |
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Term
|
Definition
| The cone of air from a PPV should __________ to prevent churning (575) |
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Term
|
Definition
| __________ cause turbulence and decrease NPV (574) |
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|
Term
| Opening and closing doors |
|
Definition
| By _________ at the proper time you can help clear a building of smoke with NPV (576) |
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