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| physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction and give examples |
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| a physical quantity that has magnitude only and give examples |
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| the single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together |
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| as the length of path travelled and know that distance is a scalar quantity |
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| a change in position (vector quantity that points from the initial to the final position) |
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| the rate of change of distance and know that speed is a scalar quantity |
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| the rate of change of position or the rate of displacement or the rate of change of displacement and know that velocity is a vector quantity |
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| the rate of change of velocity |
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| the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface |
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| the perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it |
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| the force that opposes the motion of an object and acts parallel to the surface with which the object is in contact |
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| The point of friction just before an object starts to move |
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| An object continues in a state of rest or uniform (moving with constant) velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force |
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| the property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion |
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| When a net force, Fnet, is applied to an object of mass, m, it accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration, a, is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass |
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| When object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A |
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| Force of donkey on cart in direction of motion |
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| Identify action-reaction pairs (e.g. for a donkey pulling a cart, for a book on a table) |
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| Force of cart on donkey in opposite direction. |
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| the product of the mass and velocity of the object. (vector and is the same direction as the velocity vector) |
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| NEWTON'S SECOND LAW IN TERMS OF MOMENTUM |
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| The net force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of momentum. (Note: there are two acceptable statements of Newton's Second Law) |
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| Explain that an________ is one that has no net external force acting on it |
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| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM |
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| The total linear momentum in a closed system stays conserved |
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| a collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved |
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| a collision in which only momentum is conserved |
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| the product of the net force and the contact time. ( impulse is a vector quantity and is in the same direction as the net force vector) |
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| Apply the concept of impulse in everyday life, e.g. airbags, catching a hard ball |
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| WORK DONE ON AN OBJECT BY A FORCE |
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| the product of the displacement and the component of the force parallel to the displacement . (work is a scalar quantity and is measured in joules (J)) |
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| GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY |
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| the energy an object possesses due to its position relative to a reference point |
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| the energy an object has as a result of the object's motion |
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| the sum of gravitational potential and kinetic energy at a point |
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| THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY |
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| the total energy in a system cannot be created nor destroyed; only transformed from one form to another |
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| THE PRINCIPLE OF CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY |
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| In the absence of air resistance or any external forces, the mechanical energy of an object is constant |
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| State that the work done by a net force on an object is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of the object |
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| the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred |
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| the power when one joule of work is done in one second. (1 W = 1 J |
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| the ratio of output power to input power |
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| NEWTON'S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION |
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| Every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centres |
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| the gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface |
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| a region in space where a mass will experience a force |
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| the force acting per unit mass where F is the force experienced by mass m in a gravitational field g |
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| Two point charges in free space or air exert forces on each other. The force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges |
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| a region of space in which an electric charge experiences a force. The direction of the electric field at a point is the direction that a positive test charge would move if placed at that point |
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| ELECTRIC FIELD AT A POINT |
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| the force per unit positive charge |
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| the work done per unit positive charge |
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| the rate of flow of charge |
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| Current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor at constant temperature |
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| a material's opposition to the flow of electric current |
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| a unit of energy and that 1 kWh is the amount of energy used when 1 kilowatt of electricity is used for 1 hour |
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| the total energy supplied per coulomb of charge by the cell |
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| State that a ______ exists around a permanent magnet or a current-carrying conductor |
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| Determine the direction of the magnetic field associated with A straight current-carrying conductor |
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| Determine the direction of the magnetic field associated with A current-carrying loop (single) coil of wire |
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| Determine the direction of the magnetic field associated with A solenoid |
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| Determine the direction of the force acting on a current-carrying conductor when the current-carrying conductor is perpendicular to the magnetic field |
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| Qualitatively explain the factors that affect the magnitude of the force on a current-carrying conductor using the equation |
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| ENERGY CONVERTION IN MOTORS |
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| electrical energy to mechanical energy |
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| Explain that a d.c. motor has a |
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| MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (B) |
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| A representation of the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field |
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| the product of the number of turns on the coil and the flux through the coil (N?) |
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| The factors affecting the magnitude of the induced emf |
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| FARADAY'S LAW OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION |
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Definition
| the emf induced is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux (flux linkage) |
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Definition
| the induced current flows in a direction so as to set up a magnetic field to oppose the change in magnetic flux |
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| When given a magnetic flux vs time graph, sketch the corresponding induced emf vs time graph (and vice versa) |
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| ENERGY CONVERTION IN GENERATORS |
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| mechanical energy to electrical energy |
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| State with reasons which factors affect the emf induced |
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| Show an understanding of the principle of operation of a simple iron-cored transformer |
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| Discuss the scientific and economic advantages of high voltages and low currents for the transmission of electrical energy through the national grid |
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| a component that only allows current to flow in one direction |
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| A bridge rectifier - four diodes are used for the full-wave rectification of an alternating current |
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| single diode is used for the half-wave rectification of an alternating current |
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| State that the ________is directly proportional to the frequency of the light |
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| the process that occurs when light shines on a metal and electrons are ejected |
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| SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
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Definition
| it establishes the quantum theory and it illustrates the particle nature of light |
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Definition
| the minimum frequency of incident radiation at which electrons will be emitted from a particular metal |
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| the minimum amount of energy needed to emit an electron from the surface of a metal and know that the work function is material specific |
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| INTENSITY OF LIGHT WILL INFLUENCE |
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| Explain why the number of electrons ejected per second increases with the intensity of the incident radiation provided the frequency is above the threshold frequency |
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| FREQUENCY OF LIGHT ABOVE THRESHOLD WILL INFLUENCE |
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| Explain why if the frequency of the incident radiation is above the threshold frequency, then increasing the frequency of the radiation will increase the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons |
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| Explain the source of atomic emission spectra (of discharge tubes) and their unique relationship to each element |
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