Term
| managerial decisions (list) |
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Definition
programmed vs non-programmed decisions
proactive vs reactive decisions
intuitive vs systematic decisions |
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Term
| decision-making process steps (list, 1-5) |
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Definition
1. establish specific goals and objectives
2. identify and define the problem
3. establish priorities
4. determine causes of the problem
5. develop alternative solutions |
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Term
| decision-making process steps (list, 6-9) |
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Definition
6. evaluate the alternatives
7. select a solution
8. implement the decision
9. follow-up |
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Term
| individual decision making, factors (list) |
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Definition
values
personality
propensity for risk
potential for dissonance |
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Term
| decision-making influencer environment (list) |
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Definition
| 1. reason, 2. emotion, 3. knowledge, 4. uncertainty, 5. risk, 6. group factors, 7. imagination, 8. individual factors |
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Term
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Definition
| a conscious choice among analyzed alternatives, followed by action to implement the choice |
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Term
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Definition
| a series or chain of related steps leading to a decision, its implementation, and follow-up |
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Term
| TQM approach to decision making process |
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Definition
1) decision must be based on measurable facts
2) decisions should focus on CI
3) teams of workers can often make better decisions than managers |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision that is repetitive and routine, with a definite procedure developed for handling it |
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Term
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Definition
| novel, unstructured decisions |
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Term
| programmed decisions (type of problem) |
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Definition
| frequent, repetitive, routine, much certainty regarding cause-and-effect relationships |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (type of problem) |
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Definition
| novel, unstructured, much uncertainty regarding cause-and-effect relationships |
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Term
| programmed decisions (procedure) |
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Definition
| dependence on policies, rules, and definite procedures |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (procedure) |
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Definition
| necessity for creativity, intuition, tolerance for ambiguity, creative problem solving |
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Term
| programmed decisions (business, example) |
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Definition
| periodic reorders of inventory |
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Term
| programmed decisions (university, example) |
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Definition
| necessary grade point average for good academic standing |
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Term
| programmed decisions (health care, example) |
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Definition
| procedure for admitting patients |
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Term
| programmed decisions (government, example) |
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Definition
| merit system for promotion of state employees |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (business, example) |
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Definition
| diversification into new products and markets |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (university, example) |
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Definition
| construction of new classroom facilities |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (hospital, example) |
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Definition
| purchase of experimental equipment |
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Term
| non-programmed decisions (government, example) |
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Definition
| reorganization of state government agencies |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision made in anticipation of an external change or other conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| a decision made in response to external changes |
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Term
| intuitive decision making |
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Definition
| a process of estimating or guessing to decide among alternatives |
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Term
| systematic decision making |
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Definition
| an organized, exacting, data-driven process for choosing among alternatives |
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Term
| intuitive decisions (examples, 1) |
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Definition
| "my hunch is that we should improve customer support after we sell them our product" |
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Term
| intuitive decisions (examples, 2) |
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Definition
| this process is out of control and needs adjustment |
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Term
| intuitive decisions (examples, 3) |
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Definition
| "My feeling is that this firm could benefit from TQM" |
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Term
| systematic decisions (examples, 1) |
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Definition
| "customer surveys have indicated that we need to improve post-sale support" |
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Term
| systematic decisions (examples, 2) |
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Definition
| "Control charts indicate that this process has been operating..." |
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Term
| systematic decisions (examples, 3) |
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Definition
| "Based on success I've observed with TQM in firms similar to ours, ..." |
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Term
| managing by fact (list, short, 1-5) |
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Definition
| 1) identify source of material; 2) don't be seduced by dramatic graphics/charts; 3) don't succumb to persuasiveness; 4) be wary of presenter's vested interest; 5) consider how data was compiled |
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Term
| managing by fact (list, short, 6-10) |
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Definition
| 6) look for statistical checks; 7) check if data is being overextended/over-interpreted; 8) consider relevance and applicability of data; 9) results of single study should be used with caution; 10) simple data belies underlying complexity |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of 1) identifying decision opportunity/need, 2) collecting info, 3) develop alternatives, and 4) select alternative |
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Term
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Definition
| the process to implement the alternative and then do follow-up to assess each of the implementation alternatives |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 1) |
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Definition
| establish specific goals and objectives |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 2) |
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Definition
| identify and define the problem |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 3) |
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Definition
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Term
| decision-making process (step 4) |
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Definition
| determine causes of the problem |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 5) |
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Definition
| develop alternative solutions |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 6) |
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Definition
| evaluate the alternatives |
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Term
| decision-making process (step 7) |
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Definition
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Term
| decision-making process (step 8) |
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Definition
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Term
| decision-making process (step 9) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an increased commitment to a previous decision despite contrary information |
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Term
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Definition
| the "working team" of a CI process consisting of anyone from the organization who can contribute to a problem's solution |
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Term
| techniques for stimulating creativity in group decision making (list) |
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Definition
1) brainstorming
2) Delphi technique
3) nominal group technique |
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Term
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Definition
| a process whereby a group of individuals generate ideas according to a firm set of rules while at the same time avoiding the inhibitions that are usually caused by face-to-face groups |
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Term
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Definition
| a process involving soliciting and comparing anonymous judgements on the topic of interest through a set of sequential questionnaires that are interspersed with summarized information and feedback of opinions from earlier questionnaires |
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Term
| nominal group technique (NGT) |
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Definition
| a process of brining people together in a group to solve a problem. In the NGT participants aren't allowed to communicate verbally in the initial phase. |
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Term
| Attributes of useful information (list and def.) |
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Definition
accessible, timely, relevant, accurate,
verifiable, complete, clear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| managers need to make a particular decision |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all details are available |
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Term
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Definition
| stated so no facts are misunderstood |
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Term
| management information system (MIS) |
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Definition
| a combination of computers and regular, organized procedures to provide managers with information needed in making decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) collection of data; 2) storing and processing of data; 3) presenting info to managers |
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Term
| database management system (DBMS) |
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Definition
| a computer software program that helps firms manage their data files |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| decision support system (DSS) |
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Definition
| an interactive information system that enables managers to gain instant access to information in a less structured format than an MIS |
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Term
| executive information system (EIS) |
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Definition
| a user-friendly DSS designed specifically for executives. It's easy to use and requires no knowledge of the computer |
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