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Definition
| wing of Republican Party organized around an uncompromising opposition to slavery before and during the Civil War. |
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Term
| Thirteenth Amendment 1864 |
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Definition
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime, shall exist within the United States..."
Bans slavery. |
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Term
| Fourteenth Amendment 1866 |
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Definition
made all native born or naturalized persons American Citizens and prohibited states from abridging the "privileges or immunities" of citizens depriving them of "life, liberty, or property without due process of law"
Equal Rights |
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Definition
| instituted military rule. required new state constitutions but NO confiscation/redistribution of plantations to ex-slaves |
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February 1869 prohibits stats from depriving any citizen of the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Voting rights. |
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political system also known as patronage system. when a political party wins, it gives their voters government jobs.
incentive system |
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| caused by the over-capitalization of railroad industry and by the reaction of the government to declining silver prices. |
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reminded southerners that their cause was just and noble. The idea of chivalry.
appeal to white pride. |
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Term
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Definition
Tilden v. Hayes
electoral college result was inconclusive (Tilden down by 1 vote) Result depended on final tally of votes in Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina.
Hayes promised end to Reconstruction in return for votes. |
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| Hayes promised to end Reconstruction in return for the electoral votes of states. (to win presidential election) |
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| End of reconstruction, Democrats gained control of state politics, white supremacy reigned, economic power was restored to former slaveowners. |
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Term
| sharecropping/tenant farming |
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Definition
Sharecropping- sharing the land for purposes of farming. landowners did this when they had not money to pay laborers.
Tenant Farming- laborer lives on land where he/she works. is payed in cash or product.
Both were compromise for forced labor. |
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Definition
| a system where farmers received loans from merchants in advance (of the crop system) and later repaid the money, after the crops were harvested. |
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| the combo in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies. |
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| absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level. |
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| coined by William Graham Sumner- Yale Professor of Sociology. Applies Darwin's work on evolution and Herbert Spencer's concept of "survival of the fittest" to American Societal and economic relationships. |
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| Carnegie's philosophy of Philanthropy; an article written in 1889. |
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Term
| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 |
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Definition
| governors of 9 states called on federal troops to break the strike. |
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| Populist's People's Party |
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| started by farmers, but also appealed to urban workers. called for graduated income tax, new land policies which would reclaim land grants to RR's, secret ballot voting, and perhaps most importantly, free silver or greenbacks (paper money). |
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| a union leader and activist. ran for President several times as a socialist. Earned nearly 1 million votes in 1912 and 1920. |
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Term
| Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies) |
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Definition
| founded by Debs and Big Hill Haywood in 1905. meant to be both a union and a political organization. Modeled after Knights of Labor but with the stated goal of overthrowing the "employment class." |
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| some Christians believed society as well as individuals needed to be reformed. |
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| houses provided for immigrants (ex: Jane Addams' Hull House) |
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Term
| Triangle Shirtwaist and Fire |
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Definition
| second deadliest disaster in NY. Building burned down. |
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Term
| Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 |
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Definition
| Progressive Era- Food and Safety Inspection Service |
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Term
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 |
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Definition
| originally an ingenious way of limiting unions, used slightly more aggressively by TR |
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| Interstate Commerce Commission 1897 |
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Definition
| was strengthened by Hepburn Act which gave the ICC the power to set RR rates; subject to court review. |
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Definition
| Begins in February Cuba. fighting began in the Caribbean and the Pacific with blockade of Cuba and Explosion on the Maine. By December, Cuba gains independence, US gets Puerto Rico, Guam and right to purchase The Philippines. |
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Definition
| the supposed responsibility of the white race to provide care for their non-white subjects |
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Term
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| wins election of 1912. Represents peak of progressive era. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany supposedly urged Mexico to enter the war in exchange for return of original territory. |
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Term
| One Hundred Percent Americanism |
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Definition
| After World War I, deep feelings of patriotism and anti-German sentiment gave rise to the 100 Percent Americanism movement. The movement celebrated all things American while it attacked ideas (and people) it viewed as foreign and/or anti-American. |
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| Wilson's plan. Called for open diplomacy, freedom of seas, removal of trade barriers, and national self-determination, and League of Nations. |
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| Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston; african american art expressed dissent from mainstream culture; ends up shaping mainstream culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| theories were popularized, uninhibited sex life, it was believed, necessary for mental health. |
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Term
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Definition
| effective in 1920. Volstead Act passed to enforce prohibition. drinking did actually decrease. enforcement varied widely. some states like New Jersey simply refused to enforce the law. Distilled liquors rose in popularity. Changed gender relations. (women began to drink) |
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| responsibility of management to care for employees |
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Term
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| 1925 revolved around the teaching of evolution. |
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| 1919 bombings attributed to radicals. Attorney General Mitchell Palmer led a series of raids on suspected radical organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
Republican candidate for 1928. Won a landslide 58 to 41.
Dealing with Great Depression:
Asked for "voluntarism"-private charity
"revenue act of 1932- Cut some taxes raised others
Reconstruction Finance Corp. loans to RR's, insurance companies & banks
Hoovervilles
Ran again in 1932 against FDR- lost
Last republican president until 1952. |
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Term
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Definition
| reliance on private charity |
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Term
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
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Definition
| loans money to RR's, banks, insurance companies, but it only loaned 20% of the $1.5 billion Congress had appropriated. |
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Term
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Definition
| FDR: organized labor, Midwestern and Southern farmer, white ethnic groups, northern blacks, and many middle-class families concerned about unemployment and old-age dependence. |
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Term
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| FDR: New Deal Consensus centered around an active government, a managed economy, and the idea that poverty was an economic and not personal failing. |
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Term
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Definition
| attempted to curb speculation, and founded the FDIC |
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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Definition
| provided cash subsidies to farmers who cut production. Paid for my taxing processors. |
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