Term
| What is the main excretion route of nafcillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the penicillins have mixed excretion? |
|
Definition
| The isoxazolyl penicillins, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin |
|
|
Term
| What are the routes of excretion for cefazolin and cephalexin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and cefotetan actually cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| No, they are just similar |
|
|
Term
| Ceftriaxone is excreted via? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is ceftaroline IV administration only? |
|
Definition
| It has a phosphate group, which needs to be cleaved by phosphatases in the blood. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the cephalosporins can cause disulfram-like reactions? |
|
Definition
| Cefamandole, cefotetan, and cefoperazone have methylthitetrazole groups |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the common side effects of cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
| Allergic reactions and cross-reactivity with pencillins, local irritation after injection, thrombophlebitis after injeciton, renal toxicity, hypothrombobinemia, bleeding disorders, and disulfram-like reactions with alcohol consumption |
|
|
Term
| What are the common side effects of carbapenems? |
|
Definition
| GI upset, skin rashes, injection site doses, and possible seizures with poor renal function |
|
|
Term
| What are some side effects of glycopeptides? |
|
Definition
| Chills, fever, flu-like symptoms, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, possible Red Man syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are some side effects of aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and pain at injection site |
|
|
Term
| What can happen if streptomycin is given to a pregnant woman? |
|
Definition
| Her newborn can be born deaf as streptomycin has more risk of ototoxicity. |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects in tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
| Chelation of calcium phosphate in bones and teeth, potential liver toxicity and impaired hepatic function, kidney toxicity, and photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects of macrolides? |
|
Definition
| GI upset, anorexia, N&V, and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects of streptogramins? |
|
Definition
| Generalized myalgia without CPK elevation |
|
|
Term
| What are some side effects of oxazolidinones? |
|
Definition
| Hematologic side effects, thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, neuropathy, and possibly serotonergic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects of sulfonamides? |
|
Definition
| Cross-reactivity with other diuretics and SU agents (possibly), fever, rash, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticaria, N&V, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, precipitation of drug, hemopoetic issues especially with G6P dehydrogenase deficiency, and kernicterus near end of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects of DHFR inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, N&V, fever, vasculitis, renal damage, and CNS issues |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the side effects in fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| N&V, diarrhea, HA, dizziness, insomnia, skin rash, abnormal LFT, damage to growing cartilage, and rare tendonitis |
|
|
Term
| What do sulfonamides all share? |
|
Definition
| Para amino group placement with a sulfonamide functional group. The sulfonamide group and aromatic ring are required. The amino group must be para substituted. The R2 group on the sulfonamide is the only spot where modification can occur. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus viridians
MSSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus species
MSSA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
N meningitidis
H influenzae |
|
|
Term
| CA-respiratory tract infections? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H influenzae
Atypical pathogens |
|
|
Term
| HA-respiratory tract infections? |
|
Definition
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enterococcus species
Enteric gram negatives
Gram negative anaerobes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MRSA
Anaerobes
Gram negative |
|
|
Term
| Genitourinary infections? |
|
Definition
Enteric gram negative (E coli)
Neissera
Chlamydia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Enterococcus faecium (VSEf and VREf)
S aureus (MSSA, MRSA, GISA)
Klebseilla
Acinetoacter
P aeruginosa
Enterobacter or E coli |
|
|
Term
| Main mechanisms pharmacists can help prevent resistance? |
|
Definition
Vaccination
Use local data
Strop treatment when infection is done or cure is unlikely |
|
|
