Term
| Similarities with Hammurabi’s Code and Justinian’s Code. |
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Definition
| They are both united sets of law codes |
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Term
| Chief concerns of the Byzantine Empire after Justinian. |
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Definition
| They were weak and focused on borders |
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Term
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Definition
| Were able to be a part of politics |
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Term
| How Christianity spread through the Balkans and Russia. |
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Definition
| Two missionaries (Cyrill and Methodius) spread christianity |
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Term
| Which direction did Christianity spread? |
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Definition
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Term
| How Russia became a state. It was started by. . . hint: Red. |
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Definition
| Scandinavians; Rurik the Red |
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Term
| What happened when the Tartars overthrew the hint (organized) Byzantine Empire. Did it . . . . chaos? |
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Definition
| It became disorganized, fell apart, and caused chaos |
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Term
| How historians categorize the Middle Age timeframe. (Start and finish) |
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Definition
| From after the fall of rome to the feudal collapse |
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Term
| Differences between slaves and serfs. |
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Definition
| Slaves were bought and traded by owners while serfs belonged to the land. |
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Term
| Collapse of Charlemagne’s empire, the pattern of political life in western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
| Medieval universities and schools |
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Definition
| They trained students in divinity, religion, law, and medicine |
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Term
| Major lasing result of the Crusades |
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Definition
| The gained learning, ideas, and technologies |
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Term
| Scholars in the Middle Ages |
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Definition
| Practiced rationalism, thought logically, and combined religion and reason |
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Term
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Definition
| Protected trade; was an early form of a merchant protectant group |
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Term
| Compare western merchants with those in Muslim and Indian societies |
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Definition
| Muslim and indian were viewed as a higher class |
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Term
| What did later civilizations in Mesoamerica do with the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya |
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Definition
| They borrowed and built on the previous accomplishments of the Olmecs and Maya. No one surpassed them in knowledge |
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Term
| Religion in the Aztec period. |
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Definition
| A combo of gods and forces of nature. They lived and strongly believed these dilusional ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| Floating agricultural gardens in water to extend land and grow more crops |
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Term
| Level of technological development, Aztec work and production |
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Definition
| They had no draft animals and no wheels, the people did all of the work, meaning little to no technological development |
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Term
| Demographics e of the Aztec Empire in around 1500. |
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Definition
| They were densely populated and did not live in the cities. |
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Term
| The system of split inheritance |
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Definition
| After an emperors death, the power went to his successor and the money went to his sons |
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Term
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Definition
| Was state owned and distributed to all of the citiczens. |
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Term
| What is the period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-Han era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the capital of the southern Song dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the urbanization in China during the Tang-Song era |
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Definition
| Chinese urbanization mushroomed during the Tang-Song era with higher proportion of the population living in cities |
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Term
| What was the dynasty that ended political chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han? |
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Definition
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Term
| What made possible the rapid revival of empirer under the tang? |
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Definition
| The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucreacy using Confucian ideas |
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Term
| Who was the man responsible for the creation of the sui dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589? |
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Definition
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Term
| What made the reunification of china under the first sui emperor possible? |
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Definition
| The support of the nomadic warrior elite |
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Term
| What was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first Sui emperoe? |
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Definition
| The reconstruction of the COnfucian scholar-gentry |
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Term
| Unlike his father, what did the second Sui emperor favor? |
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Definition
| The Confucian scholar-gentry class |
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Term
| What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty? |
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Definition
| Unsuccessful military campaigns |
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Term
| Who was the founder of the Tang dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the extent of the Tang empire |
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Definition
| The tang built an empire that was far larger than the Han an empire whose boundaries in many directions extended beyond the borders of modern China |
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Term
| What was the attitude of the Tang emperors toward the Confucian scholar-gentry? |
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Definition
| The Tang supported the rebirth of the Confucian scholar-gentry, often at the expense of the aristocracy |
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Term
| Members of the elite class of China were more attracted to what variant of Buddhism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tang ruler actually attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proved to be the most damaging attack on Buddhism's popularity with the people during the early Tang dynasty? |
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Definition
| The Confucians' succsesful campain to convince the emperor that the buddist monastic establishment represented an economic threat |
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Term
| In what decade did open persecution of Buddhism within the chinese empire begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the result of the imperial attempt by the Tang to suppress Buddhism within the Chinese empire? |
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Definition
| Buddhism survived the repression, but in a reduced state without the political influence of the early Tang years |
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Term
| What was the impact on Confucianism of the Tang repression of the Buddhists? |
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Definition
| Confucianism emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization untill the 20th century |
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Term
| Which emperor's reign marked the high point of the Tang power? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the position of the scholar-gentry under the Song dynasty |
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Definition
| The domination of the scholar-gentry over its aristocratic and Buddhist rivals was fully secured in the Song era |
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Term
| Who was the most prominent of the neo-Confucians during the Song era? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the founder of the Song dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first Song emperor restored the unity of China EXCEPT for what northern dynasty? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did the Song empire compare to the Tang? |
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Definition
| The Song empire was smaller in territorial extent than the Tang empire |
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Term
| Wang Anshi, a prime minister in the 1070s and 1080s attempted to reform Song government on the basis of what confucian school of thought? |
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Definition
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Term
| What caused the flight of the Song dynasty from its capital in northern China? |
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Definition
| The invasions of the Jurchens who had formed the Qin kingdom |
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Term
| Why was the constructio of the Grand Canal necessary? |
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Definition
| The Yangtze River valley was becoming the major food-producing region of China by the late Tang era |
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Term
| What was a primary difference between marriages, families, and households of the upper and lower classes in Tang-Song China? |
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Definition
| Extended family households were more common in upper-class households than in lower class ones |
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Term
| Give an accurate statement concerning the status of women in the Tang-Song era |
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Definition
| The assertion of male dominance within the family was especially pronounced in the thinking of the neo-Confucian philosophers |
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Term
| Give an accurate statement about Chinese landscape painting |
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Definition
| Members of the ruling political elite in China produced many of the paintings in the Song era |
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Term
| In what way did foot-binding serve to diminish the independence of Chinese women by the end of the Song era? |
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Definition
| Foot binding sufficiently crippled women to effectively confine their mobility to their household |
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Term
| Which of the intellectual schools was responsible for the production of most literary and artistic works during the Tang-Song era? |
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Definition
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Term
| What artisian was responsible for the development of movable type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the outstanding poet of the Tang era? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Song dynasty, what was the intrest of Confucian intellectuals in nature most aparent in? |
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Definition
| Their landsccape paintings |
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Term
| What ministry of the central imperial government was responsible for the administration of the examination system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was the title of jinshi was reserved for? |
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Definition
| The peope who passed the most difficult exams on Chinese literature |
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Term
| Describe the entry into the Chinese bureaucracy |
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Definition
| Birth and family connections continued to be important in securing high office |
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Term
| What regions of Asia were most drawn to Chinese cultural and political models? |
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Definition
| The agrarian societies in the East and South |
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Term
| What is the name of the nature spirits of Japan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What religion played a key role in the transmission of Chinese civilizations to Japan? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which Japanese period was Chinese cultural influence most significant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly inccorporate Chinese culture and political structure into Japanese society? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in Japan? |
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Definition
| To remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor |
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Term
| What group so threatened the security of the Japanese imperial court in the 8th century that the imperial family moved to Heian? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the immediate impact of the imperial move to Heian? |
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Definition
| The aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the Buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government. |
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Term
| What was the military organization of the Heian government in Japan? |
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Definition
| Local members of the arisocracy were ordered to organize militia forces |
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Term
| Life in the imperial court at Heian was described in what Japanese novel? |
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Definition
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Term
| What appears to have been the primary concerns at the imperial Japanese court at Heian? |
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Definition
| Social interacction and status |
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Term
| By the middle of the 9th century, what aristocratic family exerted exceptional influence over imperial affairs at the Japanese court at Heian? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the warrior leaders in the 10th century in Japan who controlled provincial areas and ruled from small fortresses in the countryside called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were mounted troops owing loyalty to the military elite called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Make an accurate statement concerning the nature of warfare among the bushi |
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Definition
| In the absence of an imperial military force, law and order broke down leading both the emperor and high officials to hire provincial lords and their military retainers |
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Term
| What was the impact of the rise of the samurai on the peasantry in Japan? |
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Definition
| Japanese peasants were reduced to the status of the serfs bound to the land they worked |
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Term
| By the 11th and 12th centuries, what was the status of the Japanese court aristocracy? |
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Definition
| Aristocratic families at the court depended on alliances with the provincial warrior elite in order to exercise any power |
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Term
| Between 1180 and 1185 the struggle between the two major provincial families, the Taira and the Minamoto, was decided in what wars? |
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Definition
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Term
| The victory of the Minamoto in 1185 led to the creation of what? |
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Definition
| The bakufu, or military government at Kamakura |
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Term
| The victory of the Minamoto marks the beginning of what period in Japanese history? |
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Definition
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Term
| The development of regional power bases in Japan among the warrior elites of the countryside corresponded to what events in china? |
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Definition
| The decline of the Tang dynasty |
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Term
| What title was given to the military leader of the bakufu at Kamakura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Make an accurate statement that describes the nature of the Japanese government following the death of Yoritomo |
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Definition
| Real power rested in the hojo family who manipulatd the Minamoto shoguns, who in turn claimed to rule in the name of the emperor at kyoto |
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Term
| During the period of the warring daimyos, what was the factor that led to a revival of Chinese influence on the cultural level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kingdom was successful in establishing a unified and independent government in korea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the list of the correct chronological sequence for the Korean dynasties? |
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Definition
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Term
| Make an accurate statement concerning the Korean bureaucracy under the influence of China |
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Definition
| Korea established a Confucian examination system on the Chinese model, but admission to the bureaucracy was determined almost exclusively by birth rather than test scores |
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Term
| What was the religious preference of the Korean elite? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the political result of the Vietnamese drive to conquer regions south of the Red River basin? |
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Definition
| The division of the Vietnamese into two kingdoms with capitals at Hue and Hanoi |
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Term
| What was a critical factor in the failure of Chinese to conquer or assimlate the Vietnamese |
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Definition
| The Vietnamese resistance to Chinese crossed both class and gender barriers |
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Term
| Following the assertion of Vietnamese independence from China in the tenth century, what aspects of Chinese culture were retained by the Vietnamese rulers? |
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Definition
| The Chinese administrative system based on the Confucian examination system |
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