Term
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Definition
| initiator of an international business transaction, including MNEs and SMEs that conceives, designs, and produces the offerings intended for consumption by customers world wide |
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Term
| Distribution channel intermediary |
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Definition
| specialist firm that provides a variety of logistics and marketing services for focal firms as part of the international supply chain, both in the home country and abroad. |
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Term
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Definition
| a firm or an individual with special expertise in legal advise, banking, customs clearance, or related support services, that assists focal firms perform international business transactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized logistics service provider that arranges international shipping on behalf of exporting firms, much like a travel agent for cargo |
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Term
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Definition
| a firm that enters a contractual agreement with a foreign partner that allows the latter the right to use certain intellectual property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation, |
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Term
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Definition
| a firm that grants another the right to use an entire business system in exchange for fees, royalties, or other forms of compensation. |
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Term
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Definition
| focal firms or a consortium of firms that plan, finance, organize, manage, and implement all phases of a project and then hand it over to a foreign customer after training local personnel |
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Term
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Definition
| delegation of certain noncore functions to outside vendors |
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Term
| build-own-transfer venture |
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Definition
| contractors acquire an ownership in the facility for a period of time until it is turned over to the client. |
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Term
| International collaborative ventures |
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Definition
| a cross-border business alliance where partnering firms pool their resources and share the costs and risks of the new venture. |
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Term
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Definition
| focal firm that creates and jointly owns a new legal entity through equity investment or pooling of assets. |
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Term
| Project-based, nonequity venture partners |
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Definition
| focal firms that collaborate through a project, with a relatively narrow scope and a well-defined timetable, without creating a new legal entity. |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign market-based intermediary that works under contract for an exporter, takes title to, and distributes the exporter's products in a national market or territory, often performing marketing functions such as sales, promotion, and after-sales service. |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediary that handles orders to buy and sell commodities, products, and services in international business transactions for a commission. |
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Term
| Manufacturer's representative |
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Definition
| intermediary contracted by the exporter to represent and sell its merchandise or services in a designated country or territory. |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediary that engages in import and export of a variety of commodities, products, and services. |
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Term
| Export management company (EMC) |
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Definition
| an intermediary that acts as an export agent on behalf of a client company. |
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Term
| logistics service provider |
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Definition
| transportation specialist that arranges for phsical distribution and storage of products on behalf of focal firms, controlling information between the point of origin and the point of consumption. DHL and FedEx |
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Term
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Definition
| type of shipping company that combines the cargo of more than one exporter into international shipping containers for shipment abroad. |
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Term
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Definition
| companies that own the ships trucks, airplanes, and other transportation equipment used to transport goods around the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialist enterprises that arrange clearance of products through customs on behalf of importing firms |
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