Term
| Name 3 regions of the hypothalamus |
|
Definition
Supraoptic
Tuberal
Mammillary |
|
|
Term
| Part of hte diencephalon that is closely related to the pituitary gland. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Regulates autonomic reactions: HR, BP, water metabolism, general metabolism, sexual behavior, temperature, GI activity, etc. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hypothalamus helps with elaboration of emotional responses. Name 4. |
|
Definition
Aggression
Anger
Rage
Placidity |
|
|
Term
| Modulates both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anterior and medial hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Posterior and lateral hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the anterior boundary of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the superior boundary of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inferior boundary of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| Optic chiasm and tracts; posterior edge of mammillary bodies |
|
|
Term
| What is the posterior boundary of the hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inferior border of the hypothalamus, between the optic chiasm and the mammillary bodies is referred to as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which region of the hypothalamus is just above the optic chiasm? |
|
Definition
| Anterior region (supraoptic) |
|
|
Term
| Which region of the hypothalamus is just above the tuber cinereum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which region of the hypothalamus is just above and includes the mammillary bodies? |
|
Definition
| Posterior region (mammillary) |
|
|
Term
| Each region of the hypothalamus is subdivided into medial and lateral areas by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What runs through the hypothalamus and subdivides the regions into medial and lateral areas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Each area of the hypothalamus contains many ___ which subserve a variety of functions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 places that afferent input to the hypothalamus comes from. |
|
Definition
Forebrain
Brain Stem / Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
| Includes afferents from the limbic system, retina, and other areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information comes from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information comes from the amygdala to the hypothalamus via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The amygdala and the hippocampus come from what system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensory input from a variety of areas/nuclei - much reaches the hypothalamus via the Dorsal Longitudinal fasciculus |
|
Definition
| Afferents from Brain Stem / Spinal Cord |
|
|
Term
| The hypothalamus sends information to the brain stem to control the ANS via what? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal Longitudinal Fasciculus |
|
|
Term
| Lesions of the hypothalamic efferents (DLF) to the brain stem/spinal cord yield what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information coming from the limbic system/ spinal cord is also going back to the limbic system/ spinal cord. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sends efferents to the same area from which received afferents. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is 1 exception to hypothalamic efferents. What is it? |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus sends information to the thalamus - mammillary bodies to thalamus via mammillothalamic nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Efferent information can go from the hypothalamus to the thalamus via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most functionally important efferent connections of the hypothalamus are with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 things the Pituitary Gland is composed of. |
|
Definition
Posterior Portion - Neurohypophysis
Anterior Portion - Adenohypophysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the posterior portion of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the anterior portion of the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the hypothalamus connected to the neurohypophysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the hypothalamus connected to the adenohypophysis? |
|
Definition
| Hypophyseal portal vessels |
|
|
Term
| Contains many well-delineated nuclei which make connections with, and provide control over, the hypophysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the nuclei that connect with the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) |
|
Definition
Supraoptic (SON)
Paraventricular (PVN) |
|
|
Term
| What 2 nuclei contain large neurons and send their axons into the neurohypophysis, releasing their products into the vasculature of the neurohypophysis, and thus into the general circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Releases corticotropin-releasing hormone as well as oxytocin, and vasopressin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes the release of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) by anterior hypophysis. |
|
Definition
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Stimulates the adrenal gland to produce steroids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 hormones do BOTH SON and PVN release? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes uterine contraction during labor and initiates milk secretion from mammary glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for vasopressin? |
|
Definition
| ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) |
|
|
Term
| Alters membrane permeability of collecting ducts and convoluted tubules of kidney so that their membranes become more permeable to water. Causes decreased urine volume, increased body water, and increased BP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secretes hormones into the hypophyseal portal vessels in the median eminence. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hormones made by the anterior pituitary are carried by __ to secretory cells of the adenohypophysis which then release, or stop releasing, hormones in response to the factors released by the hypothalamus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the nuclei that connect to the adenohypophysis. |
|
Definition
Arcuate
Periventricular
Suprachiasmatic
Ventromedial
Lateral |
|
|
Term
| What hormones does the arcuate nucleus release? |
|
Definition
Growth Hormone - Releasing Hormone
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone |
|
|
Term
| Causes the release of the growth hormone from the anterior pituitary. |
|
Definition
| Growth Hormone - Releasing Hormone |
|
|
Term
| Stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. |
|
Definition
| Gonadotropin-Releasing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Promotes growth of the ovarian follicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Induces ovulation; in males, it stimulates the production of testosterone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormones does the periventricular nucleus release? |
|
Definition
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Somatostatin |
|
|
Term
| Stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by the anterior pituitary. |
|
Definition
| Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone |
|
|
Term
| Inhibits the release of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has direct connections with the retina; controls circadian rhythms (sleep/wake cycles) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involved with the regulation of food intake. Lesions of these will produce the opposite effect. |
|
Definition
| Ventromedial and Lateral Nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulation of Lateral Nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What occurs with a VMN lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs with a lateral nucleus lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maintenance of set-point for body temperature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 symptoms of diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Due to decreased or absent production of vasopression. Or lesions to the supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 things is the optic chiasm close to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A tumor that can cause loss of visual field, appetite changes, and likely to have diabetes insipidus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Releases products directly into the general circulation through the vasculature of the posterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secretes hormones into the hyopophyseal portal vessels in the median eminence. |
|
Definition
|
|
