Term
| Cerebellum vs Basal Ganglia |
|
Definition
C - to coordinate movements
BG - smoothing out or refining movements |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of damage in Parkinson's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a stroke occurring in the basal ganglia is called .... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the collection of subcortical gray matter structures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three structures of the basal ganglia |
|
Definition
- caudate nucleus
- globus pallidus
- putamen |
|
|
Term
| the caudate nucleus and putamen are functionally related and are know as the _________ together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the gray matter structure located behind the basal ganglia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the thalamus? |
|
Definition
| the doorway through which the subcortical systems communicate with the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| What does the thalamus do for movements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Steps of the basal ganglia control circuit |
|
Definition
1. Association cortex make a rough plan of movement
2. basal ganglia smooths and refines that movement
2. thalamus makes further refinements
- primary motor cortex sends the refined movements to the muscles |
|
|
Term
| two most important neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
- dopamine
- acetylcholine |
|
|
Term
| dopamine is largely an ___________ neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an imbalance of dopamine causes.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetylcholine is an ___________ neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an imbalance in acetylcholine causes... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypokinetic dysarthria is NOT .... |
|
Definition
| a decrease in muscle tone |
|
|
Term
| hypokinetic dysarthria demonstrates ___________ in muscle tone, sometimes rigidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hyperkinetic dysarthria means.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of hypokinetic disorders (parkinson's) |
|
Definition
- tremor
- bradykinesia
- muscular rigidity
- akinesia (delay in initiation)
- balance issues |
|
|
Term
| causes of parkinson's disease |
|
Definition
- idiopathic (most common)
- neuroleptic induced (side-affect from drugs)
- post-encephalitic
- TBI
- toxic metal poisoning
- stroke |
|
|
Term
| speech characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria |
|
Definition
- monopitch
- reduced stress
- monoloudness
- imprecise consonants
- inappropriate silences
- short rushes
- harsh voice quality
- breathy voice
- pitch level
- variable rate |
|
|
Term
| monopitch and monoloudness due to.... |
|
Definition
| limited ROM in the laryngeal musculature |
|
|
Term
| inappropriate silences due to.... |
|
Definition
| difficulty initiating speech motor respones |
|
|
Term
| evaluation tasks for HypoD |
|
Definition
- conversational speech and reading
- Diadochokinesis
- vowel prolongations
- dysphasia (can be first sign of parkinsons) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pharmocological
- artic
- phonation
- respiration
- prosody |
|
|
Term
| Types of artic tx for hypoD |
|
Definition
- pacing boards
- finger tapping
- delayed auditory feedback
- reciting syllables to a metronome
- stretching exercises
- traditional artic tx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pushing and pulling (not excessive)
- hard glottal attack
- voice amplifiers
- instrumental biofeedback (visipitch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- speak immediately on exhalation
- cues to inhale completely
- slow and controlled exhalation
- stop phonation early
- optimal breath group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- slowing rate
- intonation profiles
- contrastive stress drills
- chunking utterances |
|
|
