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Hunger Games Day 5
Hunger Games Day 5
100
History
12th Grade
04/30/2012
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Term
1)After 1688, Great Britain permitted religious toleration to all except:
 Definition
1)Unitarians and Roman Catholics.
Term
2)This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment:
 Definition
2)England.
Term
3)An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called
 Definition
3)public opinion.
Term
4)According to Newton and others, nature is __________.
 Definition
4)rational
Term
5)According to __________, all knowledge and character is derived from actual sense experience devoid of innate ideas; thus, life begins with a clean slate.
 Definition
5)Locke
Term
6)The Enlightenment flourished in a __________, that is, a culture in which books, journals, newspapers, and pamphlets had achieved a status of their own.
 Definition
6)print culture
Term
7)Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society:
 Definition
7)Letters on the English.
Term
8)The two major points in the Deists' creed were:
 Definition
8)the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one's earthly actions and the existence of a rational God.
Term
9)The writers and critics who flourished in the expanding print culture and who took the lead in forging the new attitudes favorable to change, championed reform, and advanced toleration were known as the __________.
 Definition
9)philosophes
Term
10)Voltaire's most famous satire, __________, attacked war, religious persecution, and what he considered unwarranted optimism about the human condition.
 Definition
10)Candide
Term
11)According to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him:
 Definition
11)Spinoza.
Term
12)This 18th-century philosopher was known as the "Jewish Socrates":
 Definition
12)Mendelsohn.
Term
13)According to Smith, government should provide:
 Definition
13)schools, armies, navies and roads.
Term
14)According to the four-stage theory, human societies:
 Definition
14)move from barbarism to civilization.
Term
15)The __________, particularly of France, believed mercantilist legislation and the regulation of labor by governments and guilds actually hampered the expansion of trade, manufacture, and agriculture.
 Definition
15)physiocrats
Term
16)Adam Smith is usually regarded as the founder of __________ economic thought and policy, which favors a limited role for the government in economic life.
 Definition
16)laissez-faire
Term
17)He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature:
 Definition
17)Rousseau.
Term
18)Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, selfish goals:
 Definition
18)Locke.
Term
19)The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in:
 Definition
19)France.
Term
20)Herder is famous for his early views concerning:
 Definition
20)cultural relativism.
Term
21)One of Montesquieu's most far-reaching ideas was the division of __________ in government.
 Definition
21)power
Term
22)Rousseau blamed much of the evil in the world on misdistribution of __________.
 Definition
22)property
Term
23)Radical reformer __________ envisioned a society in which each person could maintain personal freedom while behaving as a loyal member of the larger community.
 Definition
23)Rousseau
Term
24)He maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his observations concerning the value placed on women's appearance and the prejudice women met as they aged:
 Definition
24)Montesquieu.
Term
25)Styles of this art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light?
 Definition
25)Rococo
Term
26)This style of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world?
 Definition
26)Neoclassicism
Term
27)Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than emotional and their subject matter usually concerned:
 Definition
27)public life or public morals.
Term
28)__________ architecture and decoration originated in early 18th-century France, but was quickly adopted across Europe by many public buildings and churches.
 Definition
28)Rococo
Term
29)The popularity of the city of __________ as a destination for artists and aristocratic tourists contributed to the rise of Neoclassicism.
 Definition
29)Rome
Term
30)He was a strong monarchist who in 1759 published a History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, which declared, "Peter was born, and Russia was formed":
 Definition
30)Voltaire.
Term
31)This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy:
 Definition
31)Frederick the Great.
Term
32)This monarch described himself/herself as "the first servant of the State," contending that his/her own personal and dynastic interests should always be subordinate to the good of his/her subjects:
 Definition
32)Frederick the Great.
Term
33)Of all the rising states of the 18th century, this state was the most diverse in its people and problems:
 Definition
33)Austria.
Term
34)As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed this newly independent state in 1783:
 Definition
34)Crimea.
Term
35)The phrase "enlightened absolutist" indicates a __________ government dedicated to the rational strengthening of the central absolutist administration at the cost of lesser centers of political power.
 Definition
35)monarchical
Term
36)In the first partition, Poland lost one-third of its territory to Russia, __________, and Austria.
 Definition
36)Prussia
Term
37)During the era of the scientific revolution, __________ knowledge was only one step in the process of science becoming science as we know it today.
 Definition
37)natural
Term
38)The scientific achievements that most captured the learned imagination and persuaded people of the cultural power of natural knowledge were those that occurred in __________.
 Definition
38)astronomy
Term
39)Most Ptolemaic writers assumed the earth was the center of the universe, an outlook known as __________.
 Definition
39)geocentrism
Term
40)The assumption that the earth moved about the sun in a circle is known as the __________ model.
 Definition
40)heliocentric
Term
41)__________ popularized the Copernican system, but also articulated the concept of a universe subject to mathematical laws.
 Definition
41)Galileo
Term
42)He is known as the father of empiricism:
 Definition
42)Francis Bacon.
Term
43)Although he invented analytic geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deductionreasoning from general principle to arrive at specific facts:
 Definition
43)Renaccent(e) Descartes.
Term
44)He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe:
 Definition
44)Nicolaus Copernicus.
Term
45)Brahe's major contribution is?
 Definition
45)He produced a vast body of astronomical data from which his successors could work.
Term
46)Johannes Kepler's contribution is?
 Definition
46)He set forth the first astronomical model that actually portrayed the motion of the planets as circular.
Term
47)He addressed the issue of planetary motion that established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries:
 Definition
47)Isaac Newton.
Term
48)Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he thought it should be:
 Definition
48)tested to see if it was what he actually observed.
Term
49)Many proponents of mechanism believed:
 Definition
49)the world can be explained in mechanical metaphors.
Term
50)Although he invented analytic geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deductionreasoning from general principle to arrive at specific facts:
 Definition
50)Renaccent(e) Descartes.
Term
51)__________ was one of the first major European writers to champion innovation and change.
 Definition
51)Bacon
Term
52)The method in which scientists draw generalizations derived from and test hypotheses against empirical observations is known as __________.
 Definition
52)scientific induction
Term
53)__________ came from an English family with Puritan sympathies and as a result became deeply involved with the tumultuous politics of the English Restoration period.
 Definition
53)John Locke
Term
54)Members of societies that presented science as an enterprise that could aid the goals of government and were said to eagerly sell their often improbable ideas to the highest bidder were known as __________.
 Definition
54)projectors
Term
55)People who supported new science, applied knowledge, religious toleration, mutual forbearance, and political unity formed the social basis for the 18th-century movement known as the __________.
 Definition
55)Enlightenment
Term
56)Why did the Berlin Academy of Sciences deny Winkelmann the right to create their calendar?
 Definition
56)Winkelmann was a woman.
Term
57)The condemnation of __________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions.
 Definition
57)Galileo
Term
58)Francis Bacon argued that there were two books of divine revelation, the Bible and nature, and that the two books must be compatible because both shared the same __________.
 Definition
58)author
Term
59)The religious thought associated with the deducing of religious conclusions from nature is known as __________.
 Definition
59)physico-theology
Term
60)In the late 13th century, the __________ declared its magic to be the only true magic.
 Definition
60)church
Term
61)Baroque art first emerged in:
 Definition
61)papal Rome.
Term
62)Charles I's employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that:
 Definition
62)he had Roman Catholic sympathies.
Term
63)The most elaborate baroque monument to political absolutism was:
 Definition
63)Louis XIV's palace at Versailles.
Term
64)Baroque painters depicted their subjects in a thoroughly __________, rather than an idealized, manner.
 Definition
64)naturalistic
Term
65)Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society: 6
 Definition
65)Letters on the English.
Term
66)The two major points in the Deists' creed were:
 Definition
66)the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one's earthly actions and the existence of a rational God.
Term
67)According to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him:
 Definition
67)Spinoza.
Term
68)This 18th-century philosopher was known as the "Jewish Socrates":
 Definition
68)Mendelsohn.
Term
69)__________ once declared, "We must suppose that Muhammed, like all enthusiasts, violently impressed by his own ideas, retailed them in good faith, fortified them with fancies, deceived himself in deceiving others, and finally sustained with deceit a doctrine he believed to be good."
 Definition
69)Voltiare
Term
70)The Encyclopedia:
 Definition
70)secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe.
Term
71)He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just:
 Definition
71)Marquis Cesare Beccaria.
Term
72)Adam Smith advocated:
 Definition
72)the ending of England's mercantile system.
Term
73)According to Smith, government should provide:
 Definition
73)schools, armies, navies and roads.
Term
74)According to the four-stage theory, human societies:
 Definition
74)move from barbarism to civilization.
Term
75)The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in:
 Definition
75)France.
Term
76)He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature:
 Definition
76)Rousseau.
Term
77)Based on his ideas and traditions, most 18th-century political thinkers regarded human beings as individuals and society as a collection of individuals pursing personal, selfish goals:
 Definition
77)Locke.
Term
78)Herder is famous for his early views concerning:
 Definition
78)cultural relativism.
Term
79)He maintained that women were not naturally inferior to men and that women should have a wider role in society. He was also sympathetic in his observations concerning the value placed on women's appearance and the prejudice women met as they aged:
 Definition
79)Montesquieu.
Term
80)This monarch described himself/herself as "the first servant of the State," contending that his/her own personal and dynastic interests should always be subordinate to the good of his/her subjects:
 Definition
80)Frederick the Great.
Term
81)Joseph II of Austria:
 Definition
81)sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry.
Term
82)As part of her territorial aspirations, Catherine the Great painlessly annexed this newly independent state in 1783:
 Definition
82)Crimea.
Term
83)Which of the following styles of art utilizes lavish, often lighthearted decoration with an emphasis on pastel colors and the play of light?
 Definition
83)Rococo
Term
84)Which of the following styles of art embodies a return to figurative and architectural modes drawn from the Renaissance and the ancient world?
 Definition
84)Neoclassicism
Term
85)Neoclassical paintings were didactic rather than emotional and their subject matter usually concerned:
 Definition
85)public life or public morals.
Term
86)He was a strong monarchist who in 1759 published a History of the Russian Empire under Peter the Great, which declared, "Peter was born, and Russia was formed":
 Definition
86)Voltaire.
Term
87)This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy:
 Definition
87)Frederick the Great.
Term
88)King Louis XVI convened the Estates General in order to:
 Definition
88)raise tax revenues.
Term
89)The French parlements spoke for the interests of this group:
 Definition
89)the aristocracy.
Term
90)He was responsible for the introduction of the revolutionary land tax that all landowners would have to pay regardless of their social status:
 Definition
90)Charles Alexandre de Calonne.
Term
91)The parliament of Paris declared that only the:
 Definition
91)Estates General could establish new taxes.
Term
92)The Second Estate of the Estates General was made up of the:
 Definition
92)nobility.
Term
93)How did the aristocracy attempt to limit the influence of the Third Estate?
 Definition
93)They demanded that each estate have an equal number of representatives.
Term
94)The cahiers de doleances presented to the king included all of the following grievances except criticism of:
 Definition
94)equitable taxes.
Term
95)The Tennis Court Oath refers to an oath taken by the:
 Definition
95)National Assembly to give France a constitution.
Term
96)Throughout the winter and spring of 1789, the high prices for this commodity produced many riots:
 Definition
96)bread.
Term
97)"The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen" was proclaimed by:
 Definition
97)the National Constituent Assembly.
Term
98)During the Great Fear:
 Definition
98)peasants reclaimed rights and property they had lost to aristocratic resurgence.
Term
99)On June 1, 1789 the Third Estate invited the clergy and the nobles to join them in organizing a new legislative body, which was later named the __________.
 Definition
99)National Assembly
Term
100)The two most powerful, universal political ideas of __________ were civic equality and popular sovereignty.
 Definition
100)"The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen"
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