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Hunger Games Day 3
AP Euro Hunger Games Day 3
100
History
12th Grade
04/26/2012
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Term
1)The term "Old Regime" refers to:
 Definition
1)the social, political, and economic relationships that had existed in France before 1789 and now general pre-revolutionary Europe.
Term
2)Nearly all French peasants were subject to certain feudal dues called __________.
 Definition
2)banalities
Term
3)Peasant rebellions tended to be __________ in that peasants generally wanted to restore customary rights.
 Definition
3)conservative
Term
4)The various __________ laws upheld the superior status of the aristocracy and the landed gentry.
 Definition
4)game
Term
5)In pre-industrial Europe, the dominant concern of married women was:
 Definition
5)producing enough farm goods to ensure an adequate food supply.
Term
6)Upon marrying, a woman was expected to contribute to the household's capital in the form of a?
 Definition
6)dowry
Term
7)During the 18th century, bread prices:
 Definition
7)slowly but steadily rose.
Term
8)Introduced from the New World, this new product allowed a more certain food supply in Europe and enabled more children to survive to adulthood and rear children of their own:
 Definition
8)potato.
Term
9)To improve their lifestyle and income, landlords in Western Europe began a series of innovations in farm production that became known as the __________.
 Definition
9)Agricultural Revolution
Term
10)England's __________ remained controversial-they disrupted the economic and social life of the countrysidebut they may have led to more food production.
 Definition
10)enclosures
Term
11)The single largest free-trade area in Europe during the 18th century was:
 Definition
11)Great Britain.
Term
12)What industry pioneered the Industrial Revolution?
 Definition
12)textiles
Term
13)Factory production of purely cotton fabric was made possible by the invention of the:
 Definition
13)water frame.
Term
14)At considerable __________ cost, industrialization made possible the production of more goods and services than ever before in human history.
 Definition
14)social
Term
15)__________ was the home of the Industrial Revolution and, until the middle of the 19th century, remained the industrial leader of Europe.
 Definition
15)Great Britain
Term
16)The __________ not only vastly increased and regularized the available energy, but also made possible the combination of urbanization and industrialization.
 Definition
16)steam engine
Term
17)The bourgeoisie were the merchants, trades people, bankers, and professional people that constituted the __________.
 Definition
17)middle class
Term
18)In the 18th century and thereafter, the Jewish population of Europe was concentrated in:
 Definition
18)Poland, Lithuania, and Ukraine.
Term
19)__________ was one of the few western cities where Jewish life was celebrated, both intellectually and financially.
 Definition
19)Amsterdam
Term
20)In 1762, Catherine the Great of Russia specifically __________ Jews from a manifesto that welcomed foreigners to settle in Russia.
 Definition
20)excluded
Term
21)Most 18th-century __________ were regarded as aliens whose status could be changed at the whim of local rulers or the monarchical government.
 Definition
21)Jews
Term
22)Jewish districts in European cities were called __________.
 Definition
22)ghettos
Term
23)He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejected the notion of an earth-centered universe:
 Definition
23)Nicolaus Copernicus.
Term
24)He addressed the issue of planetary motion that established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries:
 Definition
24)Isaac Newton.
Term
25)Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he thought it should be:
 Definition
25)tested to see if it was what he actually observed.
Term
26)During the era of the scientific revolution, __________ knowledge was only one step in the process of science becoming science as we know it today.
 Definition
26)natural
Term
27)The scientific achievements that most captured the learned imagination and persuaded people of the cultural power of natural knowledge were those that occurred in __________.
 Definition
27)astronomy
Term
28)Most Ptolemaic writers assumed the earth was the center of the universe, an outlook known as?
 Definition
28)geocentrism
Term
29)The assumption that the earth moved about the sun in a circle is known as the ______model.
 Definition
29)heliocentric
Term
30)__________ popularized the Copernican system, but also articulated the concept of a universe subject to mathematical laws.
 Definition
30)Galileo
Term
31)He is known as the father of empiricism:
 Definition
31)Francis Bacon.
Term
32)Although he invented analytic geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deductionreasoning from general principle to arrive at specific facts:
 Definition
32)Renaccent(e) Descartes.
Term
33)According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by:
 Definition
33)agreeing to live by the golden rule.
Term
34)__________ was one of the first major European writers to champion innovation and change.
 Definition
34)Bacon
Term
35)__________ came from an English family with Puritan sympathies and as a result became deeply involved with the tumultuous politics of the English Restoration period.
 Definition
35)John Locke
Term
36)According to Pascal's famous wager:
 Definition
36)it is best to believe God exists and stake everything to gain the lot; if God should prove not to exist, comparatively little will be lost.
Term
37)The condemnation of __________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions.
 Definition
37)Galileo
Term
38)Witch hunts ended, among other things, because:
 Definition
38)they threatened the social order.
Term
39)In the late 13th century, the __________ declared its magic to be the only true magic.
 Definition
39)church
Term
40)The most elaborate baroque monument to political absolutism was:
 Definition
40)Louis XIV's palace at Versailles.
Term
41)According to Newton and others, nature is __________.
 Definition
41)rational
Term
42)According to __________, all knowledge and character is derived from actual sense experience devoid of innate ideas; thus, life begins with a clean slate.
 Definition
42)Locke
Term
43)The Enlightenment flourished in a __________, that is, a culture in which books, journals, newspapers, and pamphlets had achieved a status of their own.
 Definition
43)print culture
Term
44)Written by Voltaire in English and later translated to French, this book praised the virtues of the English, especially their religious liberty, and implicitly criticized the abuses of French society:
 Definition
44)Letters on the English.
Term
45)The writers and critics who flourished in the expanding print culture and who took the lead in forging the new attitudes favorable to change, championed reform, and advanced toleration were known as the __________.
 Definition
45)philosophes
Term
46)Voltaire's most famous satire, __________, attacked war, religious persecution, and what he considered unwarranted optimism about the human condition.
 Definition
46)Candide
Term
47)According to Ethics, the most famous of his works, this man closely identified God and nature, an idea for which his contemporaries condemned him:
 Definition
47)Spinoza.
Term
48)He published On Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just:
 Definition
48)Marquis Cesare Beccaria.
Term
49)Adam Smith advocated:
 Definition
49)the ending of England's mercantile system.
Term
50)Adam Smith is usually regarded as the founder of __________ economic thought and policy, which favors a limited role for the government in economic life.
 Definition
50)laissez-faire
Term
51)The most important political thought of the Enlightenment occurred in:
 Definition
51)France.
Term
52)He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature:
 Definition
52)Rousseau.
Term
53)One of Montesquieu's most far-reaching ideas was the division of __________ in government.
 Definition
53)power
Term
54)Rousseau blamed much of the evil in the world on misdistribution of __________.
 Definition
54)property
Term
55)Radical reformer __________ envisioned a society in which each person could maintain personal freedom while behaving as a loyal member of the larger community.
 Definition
55)Rousseau
Term
56)The popularity of the city of __________ as a destination for artists and aristocratic tourists contributed to the rise of Neoclassicism.
 Definition
56)Rome
Term
57)This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/she forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy:
 Definition
57)Frederick the Great.
Term
58)This monarch described himself/herself as "the first servant of the State," contending that his/her own personal and dynastic interests should always be subordinate to the good of his/her subjects:
 Definition
58)Frederick the Great.
Term
59)In the first partition, Poland lost one-third of its territory to Russia, __________, and Austria.
 Definition
59)Prussia
Term
60)__________ is the practice whereby governments heavily regulated trade and commerce in hope of increasing national wealth.
 Definition
60)Mercantilism
Term
61)The 18th century became the "golden age of __________."
 Definition
61)smugglers
Term
62)The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict could have remained separate disputes. What united them was the:
 Definition
62)role of France.
Term
63)The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, resulted in which of the following?
 Definition
63)Prussia retained Silesia
Term
64)When Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province __________, it upset Europe's balance of power.
 Definition
64)Silesia
Term
65)The Seven Years' War was fought mainly in:
 Definition
65)North America.
Term
66)The War of Jenkins' Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by:
 Definition
66)Spain.
Term
67)The __, particularly of France, believed mercantilist legislation and the regulation of labor by governments and guilds actually hampered the expansion of trade, manufacture, and agriculture.
 Definition
67)physiocrats
Term
68)According to Smith, government should provide:
 Definition
68)schools, armies, navies and roads.
Term
69)The two major points in the Deists' creed were:
 Definition
69)the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one's earthly actions and the existence of a rational God.
Term
70)An expanding, literate public and the growing influence of secular printed materials created a new and increasing influential social force called:
 Definition
70)public opinion.
Term
71)The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict could have remained separate disputes. What united them was the:
 Definition
71)role of France.
Term
72)Maria Theresa's great achievement was:
 Definition
72)the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as a major political power.
Term
73)What two areas were often the sites of conflict of great powers and wars in the mid-18th century?
 Definition
73)the overseas empires and central and eastern Europe
Term
74)He boasted of having won America on the plains of Germany:
 Definition
74)William Pitt.
Term
75)In January 1756, Britain and Prussia signed the Convention of __________, a defensive alliance aimed at preventing the entry of foreign troops into the German states.
 Definition
75)Westminster
Term
76)__________ is the practice whereby governments heavily regulated trade and commerce in hope of increasing national wealth.
 Definition
76)Mercantilism
Term
77)When Prussia's King Frederick II seized the Austrian province __________, it upset Europe's balance of power.
 Definition
77)Silesia
Term
78)Since the Renaissance, European contact with the rest of the world has gone through four stages. Those stages are:
 Definition
78) exploration, conquest, and settlement or commercial expansion;
Term
79)The 19th-century carving of new empires saw new European settlements in such regions as:
 Definition
79)Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Algeria.
Term
80)The 19th-century empires were based on formally __________ labor, though they still involved much harsh treatment of non-white indigenous populations.
 Definition
80)free
Term
81)The __________ Movement was a popular attempt to establish an extra-legal institution to reform the government in Great Britain.
 Definition
81)Association
Term
82)The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, resulted in which of the following?
 Definition
82)Prussia retained Silesia
Term
83)The war over the Austrian succession and the British-Spanish commercial conflict could have remained separate disputes. What united them was the:
 Definition
83)role of France.
Term
84)Maria Theresa's great achievement was:
 Definition
84)the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as a major political power.
Term
85)Frederick II's invasion offset the continental balance of power and:
 Definition
85)shattered the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction.
Term
86)Newly arrived Africans were subjected to a process known as __________, during which they were prepared for the laborious discipline of slavery and made to understand that they were no longer free.
 Definition
86)seasoning
Term
87)Colonial trade in the transatlantic world followed roughly a geographic:
 Definition
87)triangle.
Term
88)As a result of a scarcity of labor, these nations were the first to quickly turn to the importation of African slaves:
 Definition
88)Spain and Portugal.
Term
89)A __________ is a person of European descent born in the Spanish colonies.
 Definition
89)creole
Term
90)To increase the efficiency of tax collection and to end bureaucratic corruption, Charles III introduced the institution of the __________ into the Spanish Empire.
 Definition
90)intendants
Term
91)The __________ system was meant to maintain Spain's monopoly on trade.
 Definition
91)flota
Term
92)Until the mid-18th century, the primary purpose of the Spanish Empire was to supply Spain with the precious __________ mined in the New World.
 Definition
92)metals
Term
93)A peninsulares refers to a person:
 Definition
93)born in Spain.
Term
94)The heart of the 18th-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in the:
 Definition
94)West Indies.
Term
95)Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country and in turn, the home country was to:
 Definition
95)protect and administer the colonies.
Term
96)Despite Dutch and Dane possessions, these were the three main rivals during the era of colonization:
 Definition
96)Great Britain, France, and Spain.
Term
97)Factory production of purely cotton fabric was made possible by the invention of the:
 Definition
97)water frame.
Term
98)Introduced from the New World, this new product allowed a more certain food supply in Europe and enabled more children to survive to adulthood and rear children of their own:
 Definition
98)potato.
Term
99)In pre-industrial Europe, the dominant concern of married women was:
 Definition
99)producing enough farm goods to ensure an adequate food supply.
Term
100)The process in which children in their young teens would leave their nuclear family, learn a trade, and eventually marry and form their own independent household is known as:
 Definition
100)neolocalism.
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