Term
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Definition
| perspective that guides learners in making good decisions about what information to seek and how to get the most out of that information |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking a message into a set of components that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive |
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Term
| analytical dimension p.54 |
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Definition
| the category for all the components; a continuum that underlies all the components |
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Term
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Definition
| a multi-leveled component analysis where some components are categories for other components |
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Term
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Definition
| the location of a component relative to other components in an outline analysis |
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Term
| focal plane analysis p.60 |
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Definition
| searching for a particular fact or idea in a message |
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Term
| purpose-defining heuristic p.61 |
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Definition
| a guideline to help specify a purpose for the analysis when one is not given |
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Term
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Definition
| a dimension (such as structure or function) that can be used for a component analysis of almost anything |
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Term
| structural dimension p.64 |
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Definition
| physical properties of the components of a message |
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Term
| functional dimension p.64 |
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Definition
| purpose or usage of the components of a message |
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Term
| inductively derived dimension heuristic p.64 |
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Definition
| a guideline for inferring a dimension by listing characteristics of the message |
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Term
| number of elements heuristic p.66 |
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Definition
| a guideline for deciding how many elements are on an analytical dimension |
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Term
| number of levels heuristic p.66 |
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Definition
| a guideline for deciding how many levels an outline analysis should contain |
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Term
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Definition
| a barrier along the problem-solving path that can stop you from achieving your purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| a benchmark that is used to compare elements. elements that meet the standard are judged as satisfactory, elements that fall short of the standard and failures, and elements that exceed the standard are judged as excelling. |
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Term
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Definition
| a benchmark used to judge factual material |
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Term
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Definition
| a benchmark indicating what is acceptable from an ethical or religious point of view. |
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Term
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Definition
| expectation for the kind and degree of emotional reaction that should be evoked by a message |
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Term
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Definition
| a benchmark used to judge the artistic quality of a message |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions that must be met in order to achieve a standard. |
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Term
| category construction heuristic p.75 |
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Definition
| guidelines for dividing a continuum into meaningful categories |
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Term
| multiple elements heuristic p.76 |
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Definition
| guidelines for making a summary judgement when there are more than one element-standard comparison |
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Term
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Definition
| a standard that is composed of multiple criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| likelihood that the information presented by a source is accurate |
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Term
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Definition
| an interference that one element causes a reaction in another element |
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Term
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Definition
| the judgment that one element is superior to another element in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| commonalities across elements |
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Term
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Definition
| making a claim that a pattern you infer from observing a small number of elements is the same pattern you would find if you examined all the elements in a set |
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Term
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Definition
| using a skill with as little effort as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| using a skill to arrive at conclusions supported by observations, free of false inferences and conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| argument that the pattern found in the elements you observed extends to a larger class of elements you have not observed |
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Term
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Definition
| finding evidence counter to your inferred pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that your inferred pattern may be falsified later; an attitude you must hold while doing induction |
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Term
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Definition
| direct perception of patterns independent of any reasoning process, insightful learning |
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Term
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Definition
| direct perception of patterns independent of any reasoning process, insightful learning |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of three statements in which a conclusion is reasoned from two beginning premises. |
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Term
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Definition
| a general principle of rule |
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Term
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Definition
| An observation of a particular. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acquisition of general principles and the skills to use them as well. |
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Term
| Faulty Major Premise p.104 |
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Definition
| When the general principle in a syllogism is wrong. |
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Term
| Irrelevant major premise p.105 |
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Definition
| when the general principle in a syllogism does not relate to your minor premise. |
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Term
| Too Simple a Major Premise p.104 |
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Definition
| When the general principle in a syllogism does not contain enough elements to form a complete foundation for reasoning to an accurate conclusion. |
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Term
| Probability premise p.106 |
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Definition
| a major premise that expresses a principle that is likely but not certain to hold. |
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Term
| Conditional reasoning p.107 |
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Definition
| Using logic to arrive at an accurate conclusion when the major premise is a conditional one. |
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Term
| Classification scheme p.115 |
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Definition
| a grouping of elements based on their similarities and differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| a rule for how to categorize messages based on their characteristics. |
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Term
| Emerging classification scheme p.119 |
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Definition
| A classification scheme that you develop as you examine elements in messages and not in advance. |
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Term
| Multiple characteristics p.121 |
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Definition
| Guideline for considering more than one thing about each message when trying to put it into a category. |
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Term
| Non-categorical scheme p.123 |
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Definition
| a guideline for grouping when the classification scheme does not have natural categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| a more elaborated whole or reconfigured whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| a more elaborated whole or reconfigured whole. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parameters of the problem that are given to you and cannot be changed. |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum number of words allowed in the abstract; you must not exceed this number |
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Term
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Definition
| an ideal number of words to aim for; the abstract can be a little shorter or a little longer |
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Term
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Definition
| a plan for allocating words to different parts of the abstract |
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Term
| balanced technique p. 144 |
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Definition
| apportioning words equally to each component in the outline |
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Term
| component sentences p.144 |
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Definition
| short sentences that each capture the essence of a component in the message |
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Term
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Definition
| the first sentence in the abstract; introduces all components |
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Term
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Definition
| trap of using too few words and losing the essence of the message |
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Term
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Definition
| trap of focusing on only part of the message and ignoring other parts |
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Term
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Definition
| main point of a persuasive message |
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Term
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Definition
| appeal based on logic and facts |
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Term
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Definition
| appeal based on expertise of writer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| going back over arguments and evidence with each each pass at a higher level of understanding |
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Term
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Definition
| first sentence of a message; sets up arguments and generates interest |
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Term
| tentative conclusion p.158 |
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Definition
| a conclusion that a writer adopts temporarily and changes until it clearly and accurately reflects the evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| a thesis that does not appear clearly in the lead; instead readers discover it on their own in the message |
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