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| Descartes was a skeptic, can't believe that may/any things truly exist. Denial that human certainty is possible. Reaction to religious uncertainty after fall of church. |
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| Belief that reason is more important than sense perceptions |
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| Sensory experience holds validity, Aristotle and Francis Bacon contribute to this |
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| Mind begins as a blank slate, everything you know comes from experience |
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| Thought that we are born with some ideas already ingrained in our memory |
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| Strong empiricist, believed no religion has direct connection to God because we can't directly experience him |
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| Belief in a God that is removed from the world and its reactions, sort of like a clockmaker |
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| Attempt to move back to house churches, sort of like a bible study |
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| Emphasis on personal and spiritual devotion |
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| Scientist who was an advocate for pietism |
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| Wrote about pious desires and how to get them, put an emphasis on reading scripture to train yourself to receive pious desires |
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| wrote hymns, founded tradition of methodists that were methodical about their study of scripture |
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| Aiming to convey a single emotion to the listeners, forcing them to interact with it |
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| Combined musical and theatrical elements |
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| sacred text set to music, famous oratorio is the messiah. Handel wrote many oratorios |
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| Music centered around a certain theme and then layers the theme over itself, Bach was a master of the fugue |
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| Perfected the fugue, he was a church musician for a majority of his life |
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| Glorious Revolution of 1688 |
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| Revolution in England, they peacefully overthrew their king because they did not want allegiance to the pope because King James was catholic |
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| idea that everyone in a society has agreed to certain ways things will be done and you won't overstep your boundaries |
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| Paine, Voltaire, etc. The people whose thinking lead to the french revolution. |
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| Historic Constitutionalism |
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| Burke supports this, rather than starting anew with a constitution, you should make revisions to constitutions based on historical evidence |
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| supposed to be a combination of all levels of social status (nobility, clergy, commoners) but this did not work |
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| Robespierre killed many people saying they were against the revolution, instilled fear in the people |
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| use of pastels in art, figures appear weightless. This came out of the grand baroque art (18th Century) |
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| going back to greek and roman ideas to express ideas like nationalism, courage, and sacrifice (18th century) |
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| Come out of neoclassicism, returning to emotional portrayal of scenes, uses nature to convey this (19th Century) |
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| Different than baroque music in its drama and emotion. Romantic music is more complex and shows many emotions |
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| used his own emotions to convey things through music. More concerned with development of an idea or melody rather than the idea or melody itself. |
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| woodwinds and brass are incorporated, influenced by enlightenment. Built on conflict and resolution |
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| Exposition, development, recapitulation |
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| Music with a story, goes through a progression |
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| talks about everyday life |
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| the estate is entailed to the next male relative |
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| sharing the gospel, becomes christian tradition built around professing and sharing your faith |
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| Tradition (in relation to the enlightenment) |
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| less emphasis is placed on tradition |
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| the belief that the best way to advance society is to look to the future and think for oneself |
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| Prejudice (in relation to the enlightenment) |
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| if you have prejudice, you are able to discern between what is proper and what is improper |
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| Astronomer that made the heliocentric model for the universe |
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| mathematician during scientific revolution |
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| known as "father of science" |
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| advanced scientific revolution in his ideas about gravity |
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