Term
| What is the Ulijaszek article about? |
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Definition
| The Ulijaszek article is about between-population variation in pre-adolescent growth. |
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Term
| List a main points of the Ulijaszek article |
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Definition
-it is difficult to determine which differences are bc of genetic and/or environmental factors
-env factors are nutritional well being and treatment of infectios disease
-growth patterns of major populations have likely have similar genetic potential, except for Asiatics.
-validity of an international growth reference is questionable |
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Term
| Why is the validity of an international growth reference chart in question? |
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Definition
because growth references when used cross-sectionally, have a problematic cut-off that renders the highest and lowest centiles incorrect.
-there is a possibility of misclassifying a proportion of any group, high or low socioeconomic status
-longitudinal use is also problematic bc children do not track along a percentile, growth can be cyclical |
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Term
| List four ways growth can contradict the tracking premise. |
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Definition
1. catch-up and catch down growth int he first two years of life
2. mini-growth spurts
3. seasonality of growth
4.biennial cyclicity of growth, shown to take place in children between the ages of 3 and 11 years |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the ulijaszek article? |
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Definition
| the purpose of the Uli. article is to explain how pre-adolescent growth occurs, how between populations compare within the context of environmental factors, but mainly to critique the validity of using international growth references. |
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Term
| What is concluded about the Y chromosome in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition? |
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Definition
| The Y-chromosome may be a determinant of stature. That the Y chromosome possibly came from the European conquerers (the X chromosome coming from the Amerindian population). The difficulty is that growth is polygenic. |
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Term
| What is the Y-chromosome stature effect for females? |
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Definition
| the differences in stature between populations are more pronounced in females than in males. |
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Term
| What is the Y-chromosome stature effect for different ethnicities? |
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Definition
| Hard to say because different groups ahve different diets. But we know that in North American blacks, 25% of the population is carrying European genetic markers. |
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Term
| The impact of dietary patterns on height? |
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Definition
| different groups have different diets, and dietary patterns are quite different in Nothern and Southern Europe |
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Term
| The impact of environmental stress on height? |
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Definition
| Some say the variability in height may be due to environmental stress, but Ulijaszek's claims it may be correct for a sample of children from a large population that is outbreeding, but not if the sample is drawn from a small, inbred population, such as a tribal group. |
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Term
| The impact of socio-economic status on height? |
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Definition
| Some propose there is a correlation between height and socioeconomic statues,but correlations break down in countries like Scandinavia where status is rather uniform. they've reached an end stage for growth, thereby fully expressing its genetic potential for growth. This has not happened for the Asian population yet. |
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Term
| What information ons tature has been obtained thru studies of migrant children? |
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Definition
Children who were
brought to Norway or Sweden from North Korea or India grew exactly as the Scandinavians,
provided that they came before the age of 6 months (Karlberg). On the other hand, Pakistanis in
the UK do not show the same convergence to the norm, but this could be attributed to their
retaining their original dietary habits. In the UK, in populations of different racial groups,
substantial differences in length emerge in the first few months of life. |
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