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| 5 global races: caucasian, mangoloid,ethiopian, american, malay |
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| believed in correlation btw human variation and insanity |
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| beieved in correlation between human variation and primitiveness (and criminal activity) |
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| measured cranial capacity with mustard seeds, collected crania, came up with racial order of brain sizes, but his data was later re-analyzed and differences were negated |
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| cephalic index: brachy, meso, dolicho; started arguments as to which is more advanced |
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| discovered lesion- Broca's aphasia; first to say u could study specific brain functions scientifically; thought men were smarter b/c of larger brains- affected education in France for boys and girls; founded Ecole d'Anthropologie |
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| Biometric School, mass amts. of data to quantify human variation, PCA |
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| Lehr der Anthropologie; standardized way of measuring/recording human variation |
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| Morgan & Tyler's terms for levels of society |
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| Civilization (writing), Barbarism (agriculture), Savagery |
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| today's parallel terms for stages |
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| complex societies, small scale agriculture, hunter-gatherers |
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| Morgan&Tyler's views on stages of humans |
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| "progress" ultimate goal; diff societies progressed at diff rates; Morgan: morl respons. of more advanced to help others catch up; implicit- those left behind inferior |
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| M&T's technique that is still around |
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| observing living examples as analogies of the past |
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| today's parallel terms for stages |
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| complex societies, small scale agriculture, hunter-gatherers |
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| "Varieties in the Human Species", first zoo, first to talk about bio. diffs in relat. to environment |
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| measured and photographed college undergrads, made statues of "ideal" man and woman |
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| started school of eugenics |
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| eugenics proponent, tried to influence politics, taught at cambridge, set up lab for studying inheritance of behavioral traits |
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| set up eugenics lab at cold spring harbor |
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| race =/= language =/= culture |
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| book called Races, some valid and some false conclusions |
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| wrote origin of races- 5 races, crossed into homo sapiens at diff times |
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| h^2 = Vg/(Vg+Ve). Vp=Vg+Ve. 0 |
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| s^2 = sum (xbar - u)^2 / N |
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| exponential relationship ( y = ax^b). b=allometric coefficient, a=constant |
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| linear relationship. 10% increase in one aspect = 10% in other |
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| null hypothesis in measuring pop. statistics |
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| the two samples could derive from the same pop. |
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| probability measure rules |
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p<0.05 probably samples are from diff pops.
p<0.01 essentially meaningful |
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| t = (xbar1 - xbar2) / (sqrt[s1^2 + s2^2]) |
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| taking coeff. of racial likeness and correcting for intercorrelation |
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| principle components analysis (PCA) |
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| orthogonal axes. think about data in n-dimensional space (n=number of variables). each data point occupies a spot in that space. first line on first axis account for most of variation. line on 2nd axis (perpendicular to 1st) accounts for most of remaining variation. there are n-1 axes. just b/c 2 variables load heavily on one axis doesnt mean they are correlated |
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