Term
| internal locus of control |
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Definition
| the state in which individuals who feel that what happens to them and what they achieve in life is due to their own abilities, attitudes, and actions |
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Definition
| our belief about our ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes |
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| the theory that suggests that personality development occurs through observational learning |
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Definition
| learning that occurs when an individual's behavior is influenced by the observation of others - modeling |
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Term
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Definition
| conditioning based on the principle of reinforcement; the consequences of a response determine whether that response will persist |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience or practice |
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Definition
| people, places, or things that are new, different, unique, or original |
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Definition
| anything directly related to another person's needs, wants, interests, and desires |
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Definition
| things that are in conflict with your beliefs and values |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that increases a behavior by virtue of its presentation |
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Definition
| anything that decreases a behavior by virtue of its presentation |
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Term
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Definition
| a systematic program in self modification |
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Term
| external locus of control |
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Definition
| characteristic of individuals who see their lives as being beyond their control; they believe what happens to them is determined by external factors - whether it be luck or fate, or other people |
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Definition
| method of behavioral modification whereby the individual's fear of an object or person is replaced by relaxation |
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Definition
| imitating a behavior one observes |
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Definition
| an agreement (commitment) made to change your behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| pleasant or unpleasant stimuli that strengthen behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the effect of applying reinforcers |
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Term
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Definition
| a reinforcer to which we respond automatically, without learning (food, drink, heat, cold, pain, physical comfort, or discomfort) |
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Term
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Definition
| stimuli to which we have attached positive or negative value through association with previously learned conditioned reinforcers |
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Definition
| anything that increases a behavior by virtue of its termination or avoidance |
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Definition
| a person's sense of their ability to control their own behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of responses prior to conditioning or baseline of behavior prior to conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| the results of your behavior - positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or punishment |
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Definition
| the story you construct about why things happen |
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Definition
| a general tendency to envision the future as favorable |
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Term
| optimistic explanatory style |
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Definition
| using external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events |
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Term
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Definition
| a general tendency to envision the future as unfavorable |
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Term
| pessimistic explanatory style |
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Definition
| using internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events |
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Term
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Definition
| every response of the targeted behavior that occurs within a specific period of time prior to conditioning |
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Definition
| the assumption-based on past failures-that one is unable to do anything to improve one's performance or situation and gives up |
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Term
| conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| classical conditioning begins with a stimulus that does not elicit a response; eventually becomes a conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| the goal you have set for yourself-your behavioral goal |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of learning in which a neutral acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus |
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Term
| conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response |
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Term
| unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning |
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Term
| unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning |
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