Term
| What type of sense is your sense of smell, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of smell is a special sense. It uses chemoreceptors and has a chemical stimulus. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of sight, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of sight is a special sense. It uses photoreceptors and light is it's stimulus. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of hearing, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of hearing is a special sense. It uses mechanoreceptors and it's stimuli are sound waves. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of touch, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of touch is a general sense. It uses mechanoreceptors and its stimulus is pressure. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of taste, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of taste is a special sense. It uses chemoreceptors and its stimulus is chemicals. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of temperatrue, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of temperature is a general sense. It uses thermoreceptors and its stimulus is heat/cold. |
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Term
| What type of sense is your sense of pain, what type of receptor is used and what type of stimulus is used? |
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Definition
| Your sense of pain is a general sense. It uses chemoreceptors and its stimulus is damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemoreceptor is a specialized sensory receptor cell which responds to a chemical substance and generates a biological signal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of cell found in the retina that is capable of phototransduction. They convert light into signals that can stimulate biological processes. |
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Term
| What is a mechanoreceptor? |
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Definition
| A mechanoreceptor is a sensory receptor cell that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion. |
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Term
| What is a thermoreceptor? |
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Definition
| A thermoreceptor is a non-specialised sense receptor, or more accurately the receptive portion of a sensory neuron, that codes absolute and relative changes in temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on entering light rays; "window" of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects eye and works as an attatchment site. This is the white of the eye; creates shape of eye. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls how much light enters the eye. |
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Term
| What does the aqueous humor do? |
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Definition
| It's a liquid that nourishes the iris and the anterior chamber. Found in front of the lens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hole in the center of the eye that allows light to strike the retina. |
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Term
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Definition
| The retina receives light that the lens has focused, converts the light into neural signals, and sends these signals on to the brain for visual recognition. Uses photoreceptors to do so. |
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Term
| What does the fovea centralis do? |
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Definition
| The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision. |
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Term
| What does the optic disc do? |
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Definition
| The optic disc in the human eye is the part of the eye that is connected to the retina and carries visual information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A portion of the retina that lacks receptor cells. |
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Term
| What does the ciliary body do? |
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Definition
| Supports internal part of eye. Connects to the lens by suspensory ligaments. |
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Term
| What does the suspensory ligament do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Adjusts the shape to facilitate focusing. |
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Term
| What is the choroid coat? |
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Definition
| The choroid coat is the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue, and lying between the retina and the sclera. It absorbs light thus minimizing reflection from the eye. |
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Term
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Definition
1) Aqueous Humor
2) Vitreous Humor
3) Sclera
4) Choroid Coat
5) Retina
6) Fovea Centralis
7) Optic Nerve
8) Suspensory Ligament
9) Iris
10) Cornea
11) Pupil
12) Lens |
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Term
| Name all of the tunics (layers) of the eye |
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Definition
| Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, fluids of the eye and the nervous tunic. |
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Term
| What is the fibrous tunic? |
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Definition
| Thick, outermost layer of the eyeball. Includes the sclera (which is the white of the eye) and cornea. Provides shape and protection. |
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Term
| What is the vascular tunic? |
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Definition
| The vascular tunic is an abundance of blood vessels. It contains the choroid, ciliary body and lens. |
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Term
| What are the fluids of the eye? |
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Definition
| Aqueous humor and the vitreous humor. |
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Term
| What is the nervous tunic? |
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Definition
| Contains the retina, which is a thin layer of neurons that form the inner lining of the eyeballs posterior wall. Also contains photoreceptors, the fovea centralis and the blind spots. |
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Term
| Why is the choroid important? |
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Definition
| It reduces reflection in the eye, which controls the input on your retina and makes sure there is only one image. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when tension on the eye increases? |
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Definition
| The lens shifts to less convex, focusing on something in the distance. |
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Term
| What happens when tension on the eye decreases? |
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Definition
| The lens shifts to more convex, focusing on close objects. |
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Term
| What does the vitreous humor do? |
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Definition
| Thickened fluid behind the lens that helps to support the structure of the eyeball. |
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Term
| What is the difference between rod cells and cone cells in the eye? |
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Definition
| Rod cells are elongated and are sensitive to low levels of light. They are NOT color sensitive and require a long period of time to adapt to the dark. Cone cells are cone shaped and require more light to produce sharper images. They are color sensitive and quickly adapt to bright light. |
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Term
| Trace the pathway of light through the eye to the retina |
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Definition
| Light-> Cornea (70% refraction)-> Aqueous Humor -> Lens (30% refraction) -> Vitreous humor -> Photoreceptors-> retina. |
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Term
| What does the image displayed on the retina look like? |
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Definition
| It is an inverted image, meaning the colors and shapes are all there, it's just upside down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Astigmatism is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina. This results in distorted or blurred vision at all distances. |
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Term
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Definition
| A medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperopia is when your eyeballs are shorter, resulting in being farsighted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Myopia is when your eyeballs are longer, resulting in being nearsighted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refraction is when light rays passing through the transparent media of different densities are bent. This is what forms the small image on the retina. |
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Term
| What is the pupillary reflex? |
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Definition
| The reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point nearest the eye at which an object remains in focus |
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Term
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Definition
| Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye, occurring typically in middle and old age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. (The test with the sign with a ton of letters on it) |
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Term
| What parts make up the external ear? |
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Definition
| Auricle, Ear canal and Tympanic membrane. |
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Term
| What is the auricle and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Outer flap of ear, collects sound waves. |
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Term
| What does the ear canal do? |
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Definition
| Guides sound to the ear drum. |
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Term
| What is the tympanic membrane and what does it do? |
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Definition
| Ear drum, vibrates when sound hits it. |
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Term
| What parts make up the middle ear and what are their functions? |
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Definition
| Three bones named the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup). The Eustachian tube is also there, and it's function is to drain unwanted fluids. |
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Term
| What parts make up the inner ear? |
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Definition
| The semicircular canals and the cochlea. |
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Term
| What do the semicircular canals do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cochlea do? |
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Definition
| Converts vibrations into nerve impulses for the brain to interpret. |
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Term
| Trace the path of sound waves through the ear to the brain. |
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Definition
| Sound waves enter through the outer ear, then sound waves move through the ear canal. Next sound waves strike the eardrum, causing it to vibrate, then vibrations enter the middle ear. Then the hammer picks up the vibrations, then vibrations are passed to the anvil. Next the vibrations are transmitted to the stirrup, then a vibrating membrane transmits vibrations to the inner ear, and then vibrations are channeled into the cochlea. Then nerve cells detect vibrations and convert them to electrical impulses, then electrical impulses are transmitted to the brain. Then the brain interprets electrical impulses as sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound travels through longitudinal waves in which particles are compressed and decompressed. Compressed waves are much denser than decompressed waves. |
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Term
| What does amplitude represent when it comes to sound waves? |
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Definition
| The aptitude of a sound waves represents how loud or soft a noise is. When the waves are super tall the noise is very loud, and when the waves are short it is a quiet noise. |
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Term
| What does frequency represent when it comes to sound waves? |
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Definition
| Frequency on sound waves directly correlates to the pitch of the sound. If the wave is a very high frequency, it is a very high pitched sound. When the frequency is low, so is the pitch. |
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Term
| Why do some frequencies sound louder than others? |
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Definition
| Some frequencies sound louder than others because the auditory sensitivity, or hearing threshold, is not the same for various frequencies. |
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Term
| How are humans able to localize sounds? |
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Definition
| Sounds can be localized by humans because we have two ears on either side of our head. No matter what direction a noise comes from one ear will pick it up before the other, which helps us to locate where the noise is coming from. |
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Term
| Why can some sounds not be localized? |
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Definition
| Lower sounds are harder to localize because the frequency is much lower which means the wave is vibrating much less. This makes it much more difficult for our ears to pick up where it's coming from. |
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Term
| What frequency sounds loudest to us? |
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Definition
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