Term
Transport Mechanism:
Passive Transport |
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Definition
| No Energy; In favor of concentration gradient; Diffusion; Facilitated diffusion; Filtration; Osmosis |
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Term
Transport Mechanisms:
Active Transport |
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Definition
Energy; Against concentration gradient; carrier;
Bulk transport-Exocytosis, Endocytosis, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of acoated vacuole or vesicle; active transport |
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Term
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Definition
| he transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesiclethat first engulfs the material and then is extruded through anopening in the cell membrane; active transport |
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Term
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Definition
| the ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, amicroorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding ofa cell's membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the folduntil the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of themembrane and formation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebas andsome types of white blood cells; active transport |
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Term
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Definition
| the transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by thecell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around eachdroplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm; active transport |
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Term
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Definition
| In favor of concentration gradient based on kinetic energy of molecules, depending on concentration; through membrane openings or intermolecular spaces |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: V |
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Definition
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: C |
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Definition
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: A |
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Definition
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: AS |
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Definition
| S1-S2 Concentration Gradient |
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: T |
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Definition
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Term
| Fick's Law of Diffusion: R |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of molecules across a selectively permeable membane with the aid of specialized transport proteins embedded within the membrane; passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| the spontaneous movement of molecules across a biological membrane's lipid bilayer from an area of higher concentration to an area of low concentration; passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of solvent and solute due to hydrostatic pressure gradient; passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| (Vesicular); the uptake by or extrusion from a cell of fluid or particles, accomplished by invagination and vacuole formation (uptake) or by evagination (extrusion); it includes endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The exact amount of pressue required to stop osmosis; depends on number of particules or concentration of the solute |
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Term
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Definition
| equivalent to 1 gram of molecular weight of undissociated solute; .001 osmoles in 1kg=osmolality of 1milliosmole/kg |
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Term
| Normal Osmolality of extracellular and intracellular fluids |
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Definition
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Term
At normal body temp (37 degrees Celcius):
1osmole/liter=_______mmHg |
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Definition
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Term
Osmotic Pressure in the solution is
1 milliosmoles/L=_____mmHg
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Definition
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Term
| Osmotic Pressure= _____mmHg(body fluid)*____mmHg |
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Definition
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Term
Osmolarity formula
Example:
0.9% NaCl Soln...
Na:22.99
Cl:35.45 |
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Definition
Osm/L: (g/L soulte*Osm/mole)/(GMW)
Ex:
[(9g/L)*(2 osm/mol)]/[22.99+35.45]=.308osm/L |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a solution to change the tone or shape of cells by alterin ther internal water volume; isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic |
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Term
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Definition
| denoting a solution in which body cells can be bathed without net flow of water across the semipermeable cell membrane; Having the same concentration of solutes as the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| denoting a solution having greater osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared. |
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Term
| Some functions of Membrane Proteins |
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Definition
| Transport protein, intracellular junctions, enzyme, cell-cell recognition, proteins as receptors sites, attachement to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix(ECM) |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that spans the membrane may provide a hydrophilic channel across the membrane that is selective for a particular solute; Hydrolyze ATP as an energy source to actively pump substances across the membrane |
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Term
| Membrane Proteins: Enzyme Function |
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Definition
| active site exposed to substances in the adjacent solution; catalyze sequential steps of a metabolic pathways |
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Term
| Membrane Proteins: Receptor Site |
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Definition
| exposed to the outside to the cell may have a binding site that fits the shape of a chemical messenger(ex. hormones); external signal may cause a conformational change in the protein that initiates a chain of chemical reactions |
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Term
| Membrane Proteins: intracellular junctions |
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Definition
| membrane proteins of adjacent cells may be hooked together at various points; some provide temporary binding sites that guide cell migration and other cell-to-cell interactions |
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Term
| Membrane Proteins: cell-cell recognition |
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Definition
| some gylcoproteins(proteins bonded to short chains of sugar) serve a identification tags that are specifically recognized by other cells |
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Term
| Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM) |
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Definition
| actin filaments or other elements internal supports may be attached to membrane proteins; helps maintain cell shape and fixes the location of certain membrane proteins |
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Term
Stages of mitosis: Interphase
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Definition
DNA has replicated, but has not formed the condensed structure of chromosome. They remain as loosely coiled chromatin.
The nuclear membrane is still intact to protect the DNA molecules from undergoing mutation. |
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Term
| Stages of mitosis: Prophase |
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Definition
The DNA molecules progressively shortenand condense by coiling, to form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus are no longer visible;
The spindle apparatus has migrate to opposite poles of the cell. |
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Term
Stages of mitosis: Metaphase
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Definition
| The spindle fibers attached themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the chromosomes at the equatorial plate. |
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Term
Stages of mitosis: Anaphase
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Definition
| The spindle fibers ahorten and the centromere splits, seperated sister chromatids are pulled along behind the centromeres. |
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Term
Stages of mitosis: Telophase & Cytokinesis
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Definition
| the chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles. Nuclear reform before the chromosomes uncoil. Nuclear envelop forming and cleave forming; spindle fibers disintegrate. |
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