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Definition
| Dating methods indicating that something is older or more recent than something else. |
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| Where the largest collection of Homo erectus remains have been found. |
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| Bifacially flaked stone tools. |
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| Climate in Africa became colder. |
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| During glacial peaks much of western Europe would have been cut off from the rest of Eurasia. |
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| Dispersal of Middle Pleistocene hominins |
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| For the first time Europe became more permanently a densely occupied. |
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| Neanderthal fossil remains have been found to reach that far back. |
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| Larger on average than that of modern humans. |
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| Projecting mid-face, large nasal aperture. |
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| Neanderthal skeleton with severe osteoarthritis. |
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| Disputed whether these hominids should be classified as H. heidlebergensis or early AMH. |
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| Intermixing of the Neanderthal and the modern human lineages. |
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| First modern Homo Sapiens evolved in Africa around this time. |
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| Earliest anatomically modern human fossils (50,000) |
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| Earliest anatomically modern Homo sapiens fossils. |
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| A site in southern France dated to 28,000 years ago. Fossil material from this site became the archetype for Upper Paleolithic Europeans. |
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| Hunted giant komodo dragons. Small cranial capacity. Were living until 13,000 years ago. Remains of rafts were recovered from the Island of Flores. |
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| Divided into 5 different industries, based on stone tool technologies. |
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| Used to increase the force and distance of a spear throw. |
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| Sahelanthropus Tchadensis |
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| 7-6 mya, at Toros-Menalla, Chad by Michel Brunet. first bipedal ape. |
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| 4.4 mya, at Aramis, Ethiopia by Tim White. Short broad pelvis, divergent big toe. |
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| Australopithecus Afarensis |
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Definition
| 3.9-2.9 mya, at Hadar, Ethiopia by Don Johanson. Mosaic of ancestral and derived traits. |
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Definition
| 1.7 mya, at Lake Turkana by Kimoya Kimeu. Modern human stature. |
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| First hominin to exhibit increased relative brain size and be associated with stone tools. |
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| Highly derived hominin that lived 3-1.2 mya but has no descendants. This species has great sagittal crest, megalodont molars and most likely consumed rough vegetation, nuts and seeds. |
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| Australopithecus Africanus |
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Definition
| Only found in South Africa, Examples include the "Taung Child" and "Mrs. Ples". |
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| Example of Island Dwarfism. |
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| 1 fossil crania found of an old man who had lost his teeth prior to death, indicating he had been cared for by others in his group. |
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| Injuries have been compared with rodeo riders. |
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Definition
| Extremely large supra-orbital tori. |
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Definition
| A pinky and a tooth found in Siberia. |
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| Sites associated with elaborate burials and complex tools. |
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| Small stature, chimp-sized brain. |
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| In humans this allows us to outcompete other individuals, making brains more advantageous than brawn. |
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| Volatile epoch with at least 20 shifts between glacial and inter-glacial periods. |
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| Evolutionary approach that combines the principles of Natural Selection and Genetics. |
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