Term
| Renewable resources can be replenished within a relatively |
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Definition
| short time (months, or years, or tens of years). |
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Term
| Nonrenewable resources form |
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Definition
| very slowly, over millions of years, over time periods of millions of years. |
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Term
| Nonrenewable resources form very slowly |
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Definition
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Term
| Nonrenewable resources accumulate slowly according to the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Earth has a set quantity of the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Renewable resources include: |
|
Definition
fresh water
fresh air
plants
plant products (food, natural fibers, lumber, fuel)
animals
animal products (food, leather)
wind
moving water
sun for energy |
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Term
| Nonrenewable resources include: |
|
Definition
fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
soil
metallic minerals (iron, copper, gold, silver, lead, mercury, zinc, uranium)
nonmetallic minerals (kaolin, salt, lime, sulfur, diamonds, sand |
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Term
| The future supply of most non-renewable resources is |
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Definition
|
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Term
| non-renewable resources running out is less of an issue than |
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Definition
| how much it will cost to extract the resource as the supply diminishes. |
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Term
| Human activity can have a |
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Definition
| positive or a negative impact on the surface of our Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| Earth’s resources can be reduced or used up |
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Definition
| if humans don’t use conservation strategies. |
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Term
| When hydrocarbons are burned as fuel, they |
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Definition
| release a greenhouse gas (CO2) that is linked with global warming. |
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Term
| Burning hydrocarbons also releases pollutants such as |
|
Definition
| carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and unburned hydrocarbons that contribute to air pollution. |
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Term
| Certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat in the lower atmosphere (troposphere). This phenomenon has been referred to as the |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons. |
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Term
| Ozone protects life on earth by absorbing most incoming |
|
Definition
| solar ultraviolet radiation. |
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Term
| The hole in the ozone layer allows |
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Definition
| Ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth. |
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Term
| Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause |
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Definition
| skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. |
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Term
| Chloroflourocarbons (CFC) released by aerosol cans have |
|
Definition
| damaged the ozone layer and this made a large hole in the ozone layer. |
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Term
| Statues are being damaged because of |
|
Definition
| air pollution from burning coal. |
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Term
| the process some companies use to obtain fossil fuels where They dig giant holes in the Earth, destroying forests, rivers, & lakes is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Strip mining can destroy the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| People lived on Greenland for hundreds of years until they slowly starved to death. Cutting down all their trees led to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Cutting down trees ruined |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Electricity is considered a secondary source of energy because |
|
Definition
| it takes other sources of energy, such as coal or solar to create electricity. |
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Term
| Currently, most electricity is generated through |
|
Definition
| nonrenewable energy sources. |
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Term
| Most electricity in the U.S.A. is generated by coal burning power plants |
|
Definition
| because it is the cheapest to use and produces large amounts of energy. |
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Term
| The three types of fossil fuels are |
|
Definition
| coal, oil, and natural gas. |
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Term
| Fossil fuels are the most commonly used |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the energy in fossil fuels originally came from |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The sun provides energy to plants and the plants use |
|
Definition
| photosynthesis to help them grow. |
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Term
| The ultimate source of the energy in fossil fuels is from the sun. Photosynthetic plants and marine algae lock this energy into organic matter. When we burn plants, coal, oil, or gas, we |
|
Definition
| release the sun's trapped energy. |
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Term
| Burning fossil fuels releases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three problems with burning fossil fuels are |
|
Definition
| air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. |
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Term
| _____________is released when burning fossil fuels. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Coal is an organic rock that originally came from |
|
Definition
| dead swamp grass that compacted over millions of years. |
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Term
| The fossil fuel coal formed from the remains of plants that lived and died around |
|
Definition
| 100 to 400 million years ago, when parts of the earth were covered with huge swampy forests. |
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Term
| Coal is considered a nonrenewable energy source because |
|
Definition
| it takes millions of years to form. |
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Term
| Of the fossil fuels, natural gas produces the least amount of |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of |
|
Definition
| methane, with other hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide. |
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Term
| Natural gas is an energy source often used for |
|
Definition
| heating, cooking, and electricity generation. |
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Term
| Petroleum oil is a nonrenewable fossil fuel usually found underground in reservoirs located in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| petroleum oil is a nonrenewable fossil fuel made |
|
Definition
| from sea plants and animals. |
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Term
| The energy source used more than any other in the U.S.A. is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is made from the fossil fuel oil. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Oil and gas are formed from the remains of marine plants, animals and microorganisms that lived in |
|
Definition
| seas millions of years ago. |
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Term
| Propane is a nonrenewable fossil fuel that is a derivative of |
|
Definition
| natural gas and petroleum. |
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Term
| When present supplies of nonrenewable resources used up, there will be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sun is the major source of energy for phenomena on the Earth's surface, including |
|
Definition
| winds, ocean currents, and waves. |
|
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Term
| Solar electricity can be produced in |
|
Definition
| photovoltaic cells that can be placed on rooftops and other sunny places. |
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Term
| A photovoltaic cell makes energy by |
|
Definition
| changing solar radiation into electricity. |
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Term
| The cost of photovoltaics continues to drop dramatically, but they are still several times as |
|
Definition
| expensive as the cheapest electricity. |
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Term
| The sun's energy can be used economically without conversion to electricity. Some uses are to heat water for home use, and to heat and light buildings designed to take advantage of the |
|
Definition
| sun's path through the sky |
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Term
| ____________does not require the use of turbines. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Solar energy produces less pollution than |
|
Definition
| any other method of energy production. |
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Term
| The biggest problem with solar energy is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Wind electricity is produced by turbines which can be grouped together on a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________is cost-competitive with other forms of electricity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only certain parts of the country such as the Great Plains states have enough |
|
Definition
| strong, steady wind for widespread wind power development. |
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Term
| The lack of locations of sufficient winds for wind turbines is |
|
Definition
| the biggest problem wind energy. |
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Term
| Hydroelectricity is produced by |
|
Definition
| turbines below dams.The turbines are moved by moving water. |
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Term
| ______________is inexpensive. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best sites for hydroelectricity in the U.S. have already been dammed, and further dams would have to |
|
Definition
| displace valuable urban and farm land. |
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Term
| New hydroelectric power plants in the United States are unlikely to occur because |
|
Definition
| there is a lack of locations where the construction of dams is feasible. |
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Term
| Dams can cause damage to the environment by |
|
Definition
| ruining ecosystems for plants and animals by flooding |
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Term
| Biomass is the energy production that comes from |
|
Definition
| burning organic material that were recently harvested. |
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Term
| _____________is a combustible liquid made from plants that can be burned to make energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two problems with biomass are |
|
Definition
| air pollution and use of too much land |
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Term
| Heating water from magma intrusions to make electricity is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geothermal energy is heat energy that originates from |
|
Definition
| within Earth and drives the movement of Earth’s tectonics’ plates. |
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Term
| Nuclear (uranium) energy comes from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuclear energy is released through either |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In nuclear fusion, energy is released when the nuclei of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fusion is a process in which particles of an element collide and combine to form |
|
Definition
| a heavier element, such as the fusion of hydrogen into helium that occurs in the Sun’s core. |
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Term
| Hydrogen fuel cells are an experimental energy source that |
|
Definition
| combine hydrogen and oxygen in a chemical reaction to make energy called fusion. |
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Term
| In nuclear fission, (the only process currently in use) energy is released when the nuclei of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ (nonrenewable) is the fuel used by nuclear power plants. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uranium is the unstable element that nuclear reactors use to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuclear fission splits atoms to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nuclear power is generated from |
|
Definition
| the heat released when uranium atoms split. |
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Term
| The heat from nuclear fission boils water to make the steam that turns the turbines to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nuclear reactors use water to |
|
Definition
| cool down the immense heat that is generated in this nuclear fission reaction. |
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Term
| ___________is the location of one of the worst nuclear accident in history. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another one of the worst nuclear accident occurred in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania is |
|
Definition
| the location of the worst nuclear accident in the U.S. |
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Term
| Through conservation strategies, people can slow down the degradation of the environment and the |
|
Definition
| depletion of non-renewable resources. |
|
|
Term
| Properly planned conservation strategies increase |
|
Definition
| comfort levels and quality of life while using fewer resources and restoring the environment. |
|
|
Term
| Many strategies for conserving resources |
|
Definition
| save money as they protect the environment |
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Term
| Good soil conservation techniques include: |
|
Definition
contour plowing
terraces
crop rotation
strip planting - different crops in strips;
cover crops planting groundcovers - roots hold the soil
windbreaks
tree planting
mulching |
|
|
Term
| Allowing the environment to degrade continuously can result in |
|
Definition
| disasters for people that may not have an affordable solution. |
|
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Term
| Human societies have long caused |
|
Definition
| environmental problems whose effects persist for generations, and the scale of these problems is rapidly increasing |
|
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Term
| Pavement and buildings increase storm water runoff, which |
|
Definition
| accelerates stream bank erosion |
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|
Term
| In general, wetlands and forests protect water quality more effectively and cheaply than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the total energy used in the U.S., most comes from |
|
Definition
| petroleum, followed by natural gas and coal. |
|
|
Term
| The atmosphere and the oceans have a limited capacity to absorb wastes and |
|
Definition
| recycle materials naturally |
|
|
Term
| Cleaning up polluted air, water, and soil can be |
|
Definition
| difficult and very costly |
|
|
Term
| Restoring depleted soil, forests, and fishing grounds can be |
|
Definition
| very difficult and costly. |
|
|
Term
| Burning coal contributes to air pollution and acid rain. Burning low sulfur coal produces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because we are using some of our resources faster than they are being replaced, we are now |
|
Definition
| recycling more of these resources instead of digging them out of the ground. |
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Term
| What are three ways to prevent soil erosion? |
|
Definition
| Ground covers, wind breaks, and no till plowing. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife |
|
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Term
|
Definition
the ability to do work. Energy is how things change and move
nonrenewable resource - any natural resource in limited supply and cannot be replaced if it is used
up; examples - oil and coal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a natural resource that can be replenished within a relatively short time (months, or years, or tens of years). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| energy in the form of heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy generated by the pressure of moving water |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| organic matter that contains stored energy from sunlight and that can be burned as fuel. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (CO2) causes greenhouse gases and in turn causes global warming |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (CFC) released by aerosol cans have damaged the ozone layer and this made a large hole in the ozone layer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of electrons. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the geological past from the remains of living organisms |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A cell that makes energy by changing solar radiation into electricity |
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|
