Term
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Definition
Generate forces for movement and posture. Made up of elastic protein fibers and connective tissues.
-Smooth(walls of blood vessels and internal organs)
-cardiac(heart)
-skeletal(striated) |
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Definition
| Connective tissue strands that connect muscles to bones. They transmit muscles forces to bones. |
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Definition
| Permit movement, posture, strength, support, shape, and protection for organs. |
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Definition
| Protein cords that bind the bones at a joint. May be strained when bending is extreme, or moderate but sustained. |
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| Fluid-filled protective covering over tendon near a bony projection(joint) or tough connective tissue to protect tendon from wear and tear. |
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Definition
-Compressible cushions with tough outer covering(annulus fibrosus) over central pulp(nucleus pulposus).
-Gives strength, flexibility to spine; absorbs shocks from vibrations and protects vertebral endplate from degeneration. |
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Definition
| The bone that makes up the spinal column. 26 vertebrae(33 in young children). Top 24 separated by compressible discs. |
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Term
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Definition
amount of energy expended while working.
rest-1.5
very light-1.6/2.5
light-2.5/5
moderate-5/7.5
heavy-7.5/10
very heavy-10/12.5
unduly heavy->12.5 |
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Term
| Bone regions in the spine |
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Definition
7 cervical-neck
12 thoracic-chest
5 lumbar-lower back
4 sacral-upper pelvic
5 coccygeal(tail)-lower pelvic |
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Term
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Definition
Lordosis-neck and lower back
Kyphosis-chest and hip |
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Term
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Definition
| Agonist-effects actual movements |
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Definition
-Acts by relaxing and enabling the prime mover to work.
-Capable of preventing the movement by contraction |
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Definition
| Provides stable base by steadying a part of the body from which other muscles perform. |
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Definition
| Control position of immediate joints such that passing over several joints. May exert power in moving distal joint. Assists prime mover |
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Term
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Definition
Consistency or stability of measurements of a variable over time.
r>0.8 considered strong |
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Term
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Definition
| Validity-Extent to which measurements of variable actually measure or predict what they are intended to measure or predict. |
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Term
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Definition
Criterion Related Validity-A variable that can predict he value of another variable
Content Validity-The extent to which a measure samples the domain of investigation
Construct Validity-Does the measure address an underlying construct or theory
Face Validity-Does the measure look as though it measures what is intended. |
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Definition
The number of heart beats per unit of time. Typically express as beats per min(bpm)
-Strain Variable |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical Work Capacity-The maximal rate at which the body can use oxygen at sea level under specified conditions. Usually in kcal/min |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Determine whether a criterion variable has a significant effect on a response variable. |
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Definition
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Term
| Determine whether the effect of one factor on a response variable differs from the effect of another factor(or other factors) |
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Definition
| T-test, regression analysis, ANOVA |
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Term
| Development of predictive models |
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Definition
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Term
| Determine association between variables |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Describes population characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
Stressor-A condition that has an adverse effect on the body.
-physiological, biomechanical, task-related, environmental, mental, psychological, or psychosocial.
-weight lifted, distance weight is carried, speed of conveyor, level of difficulty of mental computations, temperature, humidity, fear of making errors, number of workers in workspace, level of noise made by co-workers talking
-U shaped curve for performance-workload relationship-is some amount of stress necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
Reaction to stress
-body temperature, sweat rate, heart rate, breathing rate, electromyographic response(EMG), electroencephalographic response(EEG), muscular contraction level |
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Definition
involves no motion.
-Structure of body |
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Definition
involves motion of body or part of body
-When performing a task |
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Definition
| Force or torque about a joint |
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Term
| Compression, Shear, Torsion |
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Definition
Pressure and force in a joint
-torsion is twisting |
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Term
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Definition
Movement that closes the angle at a joint
-Opposite of extension |
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Definition
Movement that opens the angle at a joint
-Opposite of flexion |
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Definition
| The movement of joints, tendons, or muscles beyond the normal limit or range of motion |
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Definition
| Movement of an object in a circular motion |
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Definition
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Definition
| Working memory-ability to perform operation |
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Definition
Attaining awareness or understanding of sensory information
-visual |
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Term
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Definition
coordinating sensory experiences(seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions
-5 senses |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiopulmonary-energy generation and exchanges |
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Definition
| the unique internal processes that occur within the individual in a social environment. |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the tendons
-may be cause by excessive muscular forces or repetitive forces |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the bursa(small sacs of synovial fluid in the body.
-from excessive lifting of arms |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the bursa(small sacs of synovial fluid in the body.
-from excessive lifting of arms |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
inflammation of the tendon sheath, usually with inflammation of the underlying tendon.
-from excessive gripping and squeezing of hand tools |
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Term
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Definition
| head-pivot between effort and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| foot-resistance between pivot and effort |
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Term
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Definition
| elbow-effort is between resistance and pivot |
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Term
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Definition
| pwc, used to determine a workers energy production indirectly |
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Term
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Definition
cannot be controlled after activation
-firing a gun |
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Term
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Definition
continuous control & feedback with error correction.
-driving a car |
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Term
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Definition
Manual-human controls operation and provides power from physical strength
Mechanical(semiautomatic)-human controls operation and power provided by machine
Automated-no human intervention for functions to include sensing, info processing, decision making and action.
-must be fully programmed
-human function are installation, monitoring, programming, maintenance |
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Term
| Properties of human-machine systems |
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Definition
sensing-receiving info from outside or inside body(feedback or stored)
storage(memory)-info may be stored in code or symbolic form
info processing & decision making-occurs in brain and may result in decision for action. may used stored inf
action-operation resulting from decision |
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Term
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Definition
field advantages-generalizable, more realistic
disadvantages-costly, safety hazards present, lack of experimental control(replication of measurement, holding variables constant, disruptiveness of process, precision of data effected) |
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Term
| relationship bewtween workload and performance |
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Definition
inverse u. normally distributed.
there is a peak between workload and performance after workload reaches a certain point, performance begins to decrease |
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Term
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Definition
Electromyographic response-strain variable
involves testing the electrical activity of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Electroencephalographic Response-strain
A test to detect problems in the electrical activity of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Adenosine triphospate-a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue.
the major source of energy for cellular reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenosine diphospate-an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage |
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Term
| Reason for loss in stature due to aging |
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Definition
-bones becoming compressed.
-thinning and loss of fluid in discs. |
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Term
| What factors influence body size. |
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Definition
Age-max height early-mid 20's
-decreases at 60/65
Sex
Ethnicity-talles holland, shortest japan
Nutritional status and general health
type of occupation |
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Term
| What factors add to body size. |
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Definition
| Clothing, body position, Restraints |
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Term
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Definition
3 dimensional space within which an individual works
-space where hands are used |
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Term
| out of reach requirements |
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Definition
| distance required to prevent a person from reaching something over a barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum space needed to move through a tight space or perform work in a confined area |
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Term
| How much is reach reduced with parallel or crossed harness, winter jackets |
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Definition
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Term
| how much is reach reduced when pushing a button compared to grasping a knob |
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Definition
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Term
| how much is workspace envelope reduced in people with arm prostheses |
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Definition
above elbow-83%
below elbow-45% |
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Term
| what is the difference between normal and maximum work surface area |
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Definition
normal-area reached by sweeping forearm while upper arm hangs in natural position
maximum-area reached by extending arm from the shoulder |
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Term
| Human factors helps with design of facemasks by using anthropometry..T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| Human lever systems are very efficient..T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| Human factors=ergonomics...T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| oxygen consumption & heart rate measure physiological, not biomechanical measure...T or F |
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Definition
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Term
| Three major flexor muscles of the elbow |
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Definition
| brachioradialis, biceps brachii, brachialis |
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Term
| What is the reference used in class form anthropometric data |
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Definition
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Term
| Quantitative relationship between oxygen consumption and heart rate is?? |
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Definition
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Term
| The equation for learning curve |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Important properties of human-machine systems |
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Definition
| sensing, storage of information, information processing & decision making, action functions |
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Term
| Three phases of machines in chronological order |
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Definition
age of machines/1790-1890
power revolution/1870-1945
machine for minds/1945-? |
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Term
| best statistical method for determining whether 4 methods are the same or not |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the measurement, analysis, evaluation, and design of systems involving human-machine-task-environment interaction for the purpose of enhancing performance, safety and health |
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Term
| Factors that affect energy consumption during work |
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Definition
Posture
Work rate
Tool design
Mechanical aids |
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Term
| anthropometric principles in design |
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Definition
extremes-design for 5th or 95th, not both
adjustability-when a fixed extreme does not accomodate the other extreme
average-when the other 2 designs are not feasible |
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Term
| Normal distribution in anthropometry |
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Definition
P(x>17)=P(z- (14-u)/sd)
x nd(u,sd^2) |
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Term
| Why do you feel fatigue after sitting for so long |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cumulative trauma disorder-damage caused by repetitive activities..carpel tunnel
injury-damage caused by outside force..bruise, fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum amount of energy required to maintain vital function at rest |
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Term
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Definition
mean arterial pressure
older in age higher the pressure
sex |
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Term
| synergist and antagonist for elbow extension |
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Definition
| synergyst-elbow antagonist-biceps brachii |
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Term
| 6.5 kcal/min is regarded as?? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most accurate measure of physiological strain |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles generate.......which is transmitted to bones by......... |
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Definition
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Term
Not true name of journal.
human factors, journal of human ergology, journal of ergonomics, journal of applied ergonomics |
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Definition
| journal of ergonomics, journal of applied ergonomics |
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