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Definition
Systema Naturae
Binomial nomenclature |
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Definition
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Definition
Inheritance of acquired traits
Use & disuse |
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Definition
| Competition for resources |
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Definition
Deep Time
Uniformitarianism |
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Definition
The Origin of Species
Natural Selection
Decent with modification |
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Term
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Definition
| Co-discoverer of natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
Inheritance (Mendellian genetics)
Independent assortment & segregation |
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Term
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Definition
Great potential fertility in populations
population sizes remain fairly stable
natural resources are limited
populations exhibit variation
some of this variation is heritable
"survival of the fittest" (reproductive success)
only cause of directed evolutionary change
acts thru cumulative selection & not random
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Term
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Definition
Cause of new alleles-> new variations
rare & random (cannot predict where genes will mutate or when) |
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Definition
Mutation
Migration & gene flow
genetic drift
natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
when migrants (& their alleles) immigrate to & emigrate from populations, gene flow results
Makes disparate populations more similar with respect to their allele frequencies |
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Definition
Random events (accidents) change allele frequencies
Founder effect
population bottleneck |
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Term
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Definition
| type of genetic drift that occurs when a segment of a population moves to another area (becomes reproductively isolated) |
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Definition
| type of genetic drift that occurs when a population is reduced to a small size (by a natural disaster) |
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Term
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Definition
| multi million or billion year geologic time |
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Term
| Uniformitatianism & Catastrophism |
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Definition
| in geology, the idea of slow, gradual change vs rapid, catastrophic change |
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Term
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Definition
| differences among members of the same species |
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Definition
| any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for heredity variation of a trait (hair color) |
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Definition
| the formation of new combinations of genes |
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Term
| [reproductive] population |
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Definition
| a group of organisms capable of successful reproduction |
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Definition
| forces in the environment that influence reproductive success in individuals (natural disasters, food supply, disease) |
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Term
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Definition
| major subdivision of a genus, regarded as the basic category of biological classification, composed of related individuals that resemble one another, are able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another species. |
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Term
| reproductive success & failure |
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Definition
| the genetic contribution of an individual to the next generation's gene pool relative to the average for the population, usually measured by the number of offspring or close kin that survive to reproductive age. |
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Term
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Definition
| change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation by such processes as mutation, natural selection, & genetic drift |
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Term
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Definition
large organelle found in most cells
houses the cell's DNA |
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Term
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Definition
the cell substance found inside the cell, but outside of the nucleus
where most organelles are found, including ribosomes |
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Definition
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Definition
| a single, large macromolecule of DNA formed when chromatin condenses |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA, which, when translated into protein, leads to the expression of heredity character |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenine-Uracil, Guanine-Cytosine |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific strand that is being transcribed when DNA "unzips" during transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| like DNA, but is single stranded, contains a different sugar molecule, & uses Uracil rather than Thymine |
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Definition
| Messenger RNA; created during transcription & used as a messenger, carrying the transcribed DNA code from inside the nucleus to the outer cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer RNA; small RNA molecule that matches up amino acids to specific sequences found on the mRNA strand during translation (translates the mRNA code into amino acid chains) |
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Term
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Definition
| a three base code found on tRNA that recognizes & pairs with a corresponding codon on mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| organelle(s) in the cytoplasm that is the site of translation; aids in translation |
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Definition
| the building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
| process of creating proteins; consists of transcription & translation |
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Term
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Definition
| the structure & the function of all living things; the building blocks of life |
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Term
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Definition
| certain proteins that bind to DNA & play a role in the regulation of gene expression by promoting or prohibiting the transcription of genes in specific cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a three base code found on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid (Guanin-Adenin-Cytosine (GAC)->Asp) |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific sequence of AUG, which signals the starting point of translation & the attachment of the 1st amino acid, methionine (Met) |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific sequence of either UAA, UAG, or UGA, which signals translation to stop & detach the finished protein |
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Term
| Deixyrubonucleic Acid (DNA) Structure |
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Definition
double stranded & double helix
sugar & phosphate backbone
Adenine & Thymine
Guanine & Cytosine
Hydrogen bond- weak, chemical bond that holds base pairs together |
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Term
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Definition
1) contains the genetic insturctions used in the development & functioning of all known living organisms
2) often compared to a set of blueprints, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins & RNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Most of the time, DNA is found within the nucleus of the cell |
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