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| Natural selection that drives evolutionary change by selecting for greater or lesser frequency of a given trait in a population |
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| Selection that maintains a certain phenotype by selecting against deviations from it |
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| movement of genes between populations |
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| mating between close relatives |
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| random changes in gene frequency in a population |
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| a component of genetic drift in theory, stating that new populations that become isolated from the parent population carry only the genetic variation of the founders |
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| temporary dramatic reduction in size of a population or species |
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| differential reproductive success within on sex of any species |
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| difference in size, shape, or color, between the sexes |
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| the possible offspring output by one sex |
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| a measure of a variation ffrom the mean of a population in the reproductive potential of one sex compared with the other |
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| branch of biology that describes patterns of organismal variation |
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| similarity of traits resulting from shared ancestry |
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| having similar traits due to similar use, not due to shared ancestry |
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| similar form or function brought about by natural selection under similar environments rather than shared ancestry |
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| branching diagram showing evolved relationships among members of a lineage |
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| formation of one or more new species via reproductive isolation |
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| bilogical species concept |
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| defines species as interbreeding populations reprodutively isolated from other such populations |
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| recognition species concept |
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| defines species based on unique traits or behaviors that allow members onf one species to identify each other for mating |
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| reproductive isolating mechanisms |
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| any factor that prevents a male and female of two different species from hybridizing |
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| evolution of a trait or a species into another over a period of time |
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| evolution through the branching of a species or a lineage |
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| speciation occurring via geographic isolation |
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| speciation occurring when two pops have continuous distributions and some phenotypes in that distribution are more favorable than others |
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| darwininan view of slow, incremental evolutionary change |
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| large-scale evolutionary change over a long period of time |
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| model of evolution characterized by rapid bursts of change, followed by long periods of stasis |
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| a premise that all aspects of an organism have been molded by natural selection to a form optimal for enhancing reproductive success |
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| paradigm that an organism in the sum of many evolved parts that organisms that best be understod though an adaptationist approach |
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| the starting assumption for scientific inquiry that one's reseach results occur by random chance. ones hypothesis must challencge this intital assumption |
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| hardy-weinberg equilibrium |
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| allelses in a given pop in the absence of evolution, expressed as a mathematical equation |
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| notion largely discredited by the rise of darwinian theory proposing that animals act for the good of their social group or of their species |
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| principle that animals behave preferentiallly toward their genetic kin |
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| reproductive success of a n organism plus the fitness of its close kin |
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| a local interbreeding pop that is defined in terms of its genetic compostiotion |
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| a group of local pops that share part of the geographic range of a species |
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| incorporates both cultural and biological factors |
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| species that consist of a number of sperate breeding pops |
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| traditional cultures classify objects and organisms in the natural world |
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| the view that the environment has great powers to directly shape the anatomy of individual organisms |
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| the study of genetic variation within and between groups of organisms |
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| the study of evolutionary phenomena that occur within a species |
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| two or more distinct phenotypes that exist within a pop |
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| the dist of an allele or phenotypic trait across geographical space |
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| the ability of an individual organism to make positive anatomical or physiological changes after short-or long term exposure to stressful environmental conditions |
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