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Definition
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| Growth spurts variations for boys and girls |
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Definition
girls have more body fat
boys have more lean body mass
growth happens at m=night while they are lying down
children lose teeth around 6 or 7 and then molars at age 10 or 12, so most teeth are back in at the end of middle childhood |
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| nearsightedness, develops between the age of 6 and adolesences |
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20%- 40% of kids are overweight or at risk to become overweight
type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma |
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| branched extension of a neuron that picks up signals from other neurons |
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| an extension of the cell that carries signals away from the cell body toward other neurons |
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| the connection between one neurons axon and another neuron's dendrite |
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| a white fatty substance that encases cell axons, provides insulation and improves transmission of signals. Increases across middle childhood |
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| a process that strengthens synapses that are used often and prunes unused synapses to eliminate clutter. it accelerates the speed with which children can process information. |
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| the localization of function in one of the hemispheres of the brain |
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| the connection between the two halves of the brain |
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Definition
| referes to nerve cell bodies (composed of neurons, axons and dendrites) inverted u shape |
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| Brain growth in middle childhood |
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Definition
| MRI imaging to see that growth occurs more in the back of the brain during this time. |
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| region of the brain located in the front involved in recognizing future consequences, overriding unacceptable social responses and remembering emotional experiences |
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Definition
| the part of the brain involved in higher order cognitive skills like decision making and planning, located in front behind the forehead. |
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Definition
| part of the brain involved in speech, memory and hearing, it is located at the side of the brain |
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Definition
| part of the brain associated with movement, orientation, recognition and perception of stimuli |
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| refers to myelinated nerve fibers in the brain, insulates brain circuits, increases linearly and allows for better communication within and across the braine |
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| the outer layer of the brain, largely responsible for higher brain functions, including sensation voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning and memory. Measuring this thickness is a way of tracking the proliferation and pruning of gray matter. |
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| #1 case of death in middle childhood |
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Definition
car accidents
drowning is number 2 |
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Definition
| 6% of school age children have been diagnosed, twice as many boys as girls, |
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Term
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Definition
predominantly inattentive( IA)
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (HI)
combo (C) |
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Definition
| part of the brain associated with balance and control of body movements. |
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| variations between boys and girls in brain patterns in middle childhood, age 6- 11 |
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Definition
| spatial visual discrimination and grosss motor movement accelerates in females, whereas language and fine motor skills increases in boys |
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Definition
| large motor movements become smoother and more coordinated in middle childhood and reaction time also improves |
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Definition
| contrary to common believe, they are not caused by growth itself, rather the result of increased physical activity and using developing muscles in new ways. |
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Definition
| recommended 60 minutes a day to stimulate brain growth and academic achievement, build strong muscles and bones and increase energy and alternates help maintain a healthy weight and reduce stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| only 25 minutes were devoted to vigorous activity out of a week in school, 6% of what they should have. less than half |
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Term
| concrete operational thinking |
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Definition
| 7-12 years old, when kids can classify, sort, transitive inference and reversibility |
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Term
| CET (coaching effectiveness programs) four principles |
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Definition
1. winnin isn't everytything
2. failure is not the same thing as losing
3. success is not equivalent to winning
4. successs is found in striving for victory |
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Definition
| reducing soft drink consumption, limit tv, increase physical activity |
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Definition
| leading cause of absenteeism in middle childhood school |
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Definition
| become more common, possibly de to greater exposure to indoor allergens or to frequent antibiotic use, which reduces exposure to infection and hence the buildup of immunities. more frequently diagnosed in white kids, or with higher education |
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Definition
| a type where the immune system destroys the beta cells in pancreas to stat the pancreas produces little or no insulin. |
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| classification and class inclusion |
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Definition
classification is the ability to divide or sort objects into different sets and subsets and to consider their interrelationships.
class inclusion isa logical operation that recognizes that a class or group can be part of a larger group (a breed of dogs/ animals in general)
Kids love this during this timeframe which is why the collect things |
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| concrete operations of piaget |
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Definition
| third stage of cognitive development between 7-12 that children's operations or mental activities become more logical with respect to actual objects and materials. |
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Definition
| a third operation acquired during middle childhood that makes the child able to arrange items in a sequenced order according to particular properties, like heigh or color from lightest to darkest |
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Definition
| builds on an understanding of seriation, helps with the development of math skills, george is taller than courtney who is also taller than jason |
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Definition
| They can return to their original state if nothing has been added or taken away, like the play dough in the video |
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Definition
| children are able to successfully solve conservation of matter problems before they can successfully do conservation of number, this differential performance in logical thinking is called horizontal decal age |
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Definition
| measures the number of task cards completed correctly and improves rapidly in middle childhood than adolescence, it plateau's there. |
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Definition
| conscious short term represeations of what a person is actively thinking about at a given time. |
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Term
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Definition
a research procedure in which people are asked to repeat in order a series of rapidly presented items.
2 year olds 2 items
5 year olds 4 items
7 year olds 5 items
9 year olds 6 items
adults- 7 items |
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Term
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Definition
grouping things into smaller groups to remember a larger whole (prefix and suffixes of phone numbers)
each type of memory improves during middle childhood |
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Term
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Definition
| it takes roughly a minute to record a single piece of information into long-term memory |
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Definition
| memories of facts, like names of people and places phone numbers |
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Definition
| memories of complex skills like riding a bike |
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Definition
| detailed memories of specific events |
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Definition
| a general not specific memory |
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| Deese-Roediger-Mcdermott (DRM) procedure |
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Definition
a way to demonstrate the creation of false memories,
(gives a list of words that all have similar thread) and adults will remember w word that wasn't even presented.
5 year olds remember words that rhyme with presented words
8 year olds got the most wrong because they remember rhyming words and meaning words |
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Term
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Definition
| a research strategy that invokes frequent detailed observations or behaviors. |
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Term
| stanford binet intelligence test |
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Definition
| measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, abstract visual reasoning, and short term memory, IQ's are computer based on relative performance within an age group. the average score is 100 |
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Term
| Weschsler Intelligence scale for children, WISC111 |
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Definition
| has two main scales a performance scale and a verbal scale, the performance scaled includes task like arranging a picture to tell a story and identifying the missing parts, the verbal includes vocabulary similarities and understanding of social customs |
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Term
| Gardbners 8 forms of intelligence |
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Definition
linguistic (reading a book, writing or speaking)
logical mathematical intelligence (solving math)
spatial (reading maps, loading a dishwasher)
musical (duh)
bodily-kinesthetic (dancing, playing sports)
interpersonal (relating to others)
naturalistic (understanding the natural world |
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| stern berg's theory of successful intelligence |
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Definition
3 parts:
analytical ability to critique judge and evaluate, creative ability to invent discover and imagine and practical ability to implement ideas in the real world
an intelligent child isn't one who is good at all three but who chooses to capitalize on their strengths to compensate for weaknesses |
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| a condition which children have a third copy of chromosome 21, one of the most common causes of genetic mental retardation |
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Definition
| a condition in which children have a change in a single gene on the x chromosome, also a common cause |
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vocabulary at age 7
at age 12 |
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Definition
children ave acquired 5200 words
8400 roots |
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Term
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Definition
| changing speech to reflect the audience |
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Term
| decoding and comprehension |
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Definition
| decoding is applying knowledge of letter sound relationships to read written words and COMPREHENSION is understanding what you've read |
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Term
| phonics vs whole language |
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Definition
| phonics emphasizes decoding in which readers match the printed alphabet to spoken sounds the whole language approach emphasis comprehension and context, inferring what words are from contact |
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Term
| 4 elements important to reading by the NIOCHAHD) |
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Definition
aliphatic principle
phonemic awareness
oral reading
vocab comprehension |
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