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The first regenerated fiber
"artificial silk" |
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| The FTC definition of ____identifies this fiber as "A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose, as well as manufactured fibers composed of regenerated cellulose in which substituents have replaced not more than 15% of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups" |
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Apparel, alone and in blends
Lingerie, Suits,cotton balls, home textiles |
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| Apparel and lining fabrics |
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| Apparel especially blends w/ polyester |
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| Industrial Uses, especially tire cords |
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| cigarette filters, decorative fabrics, formal fabrics and velvet |
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can be heat set
apparel in which pleat or shape retention is important is often made from this |
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| FTC definition "a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which less than 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings" |
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| The first SYNTHETIC fiber produced |
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| Women's hosiery, jackets, running suits, soft sided luggage,carpets and rugs |
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| FTC definition "a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid |
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| rain gear, wrinkle resistant fibers, industrial tire cord, carpets, stuffed toys |
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| Shower head type device the liquid version of a polymer substance is forced through so that the narrow streams of liquid will re solidify into long thin fibers |
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Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
decreases the amount of light reflected by a textile (makes it dull/less shiny) added in the liquid form of a polymer |
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| the amount of light reflected by a textile |
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| fibers without a delustrant are called this |
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adding color or dye to the liquid form of a polymer
especially useful for fibers that are difficult to dye such as Olefin |
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| Flame retardant additives |
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The burning behavior of a fiber can be reduced by the inclusion of this to the melt or liquid solution before spinning.
Polyester and Rayon are often treated with this |
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| Ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants that can be added to the melt or solution before spinning that keep a fiber from degrading due to Ultraviolet light or atmospheric weathering. Used especially for all-weather carpets and awnings |
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| Added to the melt or solution before spinning to help keep fibers sanitary. Slowly leaches out over the life of the fabric |
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| Circulating current of hot gas in a chamber that the polymer and solvent are deposited in after being extruded through a spinneret in the Dry Spinning process |
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| As in wet and dry spinning the polymer is dissolved in a solvent . The polymer and solvent form a viscous gel that can be processed on conventional melt-spinning equipment to form a gel-like strand. Later in the processing the solvent is extracted and the fibers stretched |
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| Small fibrous polymers are formed into an emulsion, aligned by passing the emulsion through a capillary, then fused or sintered (combined by treating with heat without melting) passed through the spinneret into a coagulating bath and stretched. |
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| Used when fibers made from polymers that have extremely high melting points and are insoluble must be spun |
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| very-fine-diameter fibers |
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| made of a sheath of fiber material and one or more hollow spaces at the center |
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| Provide greater bulk with less weight. Often used to make insulated clothing |
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Different polymers of variants of the same polymer can be spun into a single fiber to utilize the special characteristics of each polymer.
"a fiber consisting of two polymers which are chemically different, physically different or both." |
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| side-by-side bicomponent fibers |
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| the different polymers are fed to the spinneret together so they exit from the spinneret opening side by side |
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| Sheath-core bicomponent fibers |
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| one component is completely surrounded by the other |
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| the final step in the fiber-spinning process in which filaments are stretched to modify the the molecular arrangements within the fiber |
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| refers to the extent to which the polymer chains line up in the long direction of the fiber |
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| refers to the degree of orderly arrangement of chains. Fibers that are highly ______ are strong fibers |
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| Areas within fibers in which long-chain molecules are arranged in a random or unorganized manner. Dyes and finishes are best absorbed in these areas of the fiber |
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| Drawing is accomplished by stretching the fibers between two rollers called ______, with the second roller rotating faster |
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| adding crimp to filaments |
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| treatments to ensure very low shrinkage |
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| used by a manufacturer to summarize all the different details added to a filament in the spinning/manufacturing process |
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| number assigned to group all fibers that have consistent characteristics |
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| Highest Abrasion Resistance |
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| Lowest Abrasion Resistance |
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| Highest Sunlight Resistance |
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| Lowest Sunlight Resistance |
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| Highest Ironing Temperature |
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| Lowest Ironing Temperature |
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| Fibers produced from natural materials that cannot be used for textiles in their original form but the can, through chemical treatment and processing , be made into textile fibers |
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| accounts for by far the largest amount of ____ manufactured worldwide. Although it is no longer produced in the US |
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Wood Pulp
(eucalyptus, beech, or pine trees) |
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| The major source of cellulose used to produce viscose rayon and other manufactured cellulosic fibers |
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| Like cotton these rayons have a greater resistance to deformation when wet. Also known as Modal |
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| made by dissolving cellulose in a copper ammonium solution and extruding the fiber into a water bath. Also known as Cupro and Bemberg Rayon |
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| has links to Mobile, Alabama |
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| Subcategory of Rayon. "Where the fiber is composed of cellulose precipitated from an organic solution in which no substitution of the hydroxyl groups takes place and no chemical intermediates are formed, the term lyocell may be used as a generic description of the fiber" |
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| Chemical derivative of cellulose, was used as a coating for the fabric wings of WWI airplanes |
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| Derivative cellulose fibers |
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| Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are classified as this |
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| In the chemical reactions that take place during the manufacture of cellulose acetate (and triacetate), acetyl groups are substituted for -OH groups on the cellulose molecule |
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| The density of the fiber in relation to the density of an equal volume of water at a temp of 4 degrees Celsius |
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| The resistance to stretching of a textile material |
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| the ratio of the extension of a material to the length of the material before stretching |
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| the ability of a textile material to recover its original position after a distorting force such as stretching, bending, or compression |
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| That property of a material by virtue of which it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergoing rupture |
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| A process in which on material takes or absorbs another as the absorption of moisture by fibers |
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| The amount of moisture in a material determined under prescribed conditions and expressed as a percentage of the weight of the moisture-free specimen |
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| the ability of a fiber or yarn to withstand shrinking or stretching |
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| The wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface |
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| Made from naturally occurring polymer materials |
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| synthesized from chemicals |
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| Polymeric material dissolved in a solvent, forced through a spinneret into warm air that evaporates solvent |
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Not to full capacity or length
(POY) |
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To full capacity or length
(FOY) |
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| Multiple filaments combined into a yarn |
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| Single filament used as a yarn |
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